Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2011 Aug;17(4):235-47. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2011.0004. Epub 2011 May 25.
The clinical treatment of diabetes by islet transplantation is limited by low islet survival rates. A fundamental reason for this inefficiency is likely due to the removal of islets from their native environment. The isolation process not only disrupts interactions between blood vessels and endocrine cells, but also dramatically changes islet cell interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Biomolecular cues from the ECM are important for islet survival, proliferation, and function; however, very little is known about the composition of islet ECM and the role each component plays. Without a thorough understanding of islet ECM, current endeavors to prolong islet survival via scaffold engineering lack a systematic basis. The following article reviews current knowledge of islet ECM and attempts to explain the roles they play in islet function. In addition, the effects of in vitro simulations of the native islet scaffold will be evaluated. Greater understanding in these areas will provide a preliminary platform from which a sustainable bioartificial pancreas may be developed.
胰岛移植治疗糖尿病的临床应用受到胰岛存活率低的限制。这种低效率的一个根本原因可能是由于胰岛从其天然环境中被分离出来。分离过程不仅破坏了血管和内分泌细胞之间的相互作用，而且还极大地改变了胰岛细胞与细胞外基质（ECM）的相互作用。ECM 中的生物分子线索对于胰岛的存活、增殖和功能非常重要；然而，对于胰岛 ECM 的组成以及每个成分所起的作用，我们知之甚少。如果没有对胰岛 ECM 的透彻了解，目前通过支架工程来延长胰岛存活的努力就缺乏系统的基础。本文回顾了胰岛 ECM 的现有知识，并试图解释它们在胰岛功能中的作用。此外，还将评估对天然胰岛支架进行体外模拟的效果。在这些领域的深入了解将为开发可持续的生物人工胰腺提供一个初步的平台。
