Stendahl John C, Kaufman Dixon B, Stupp Samuel I
Institute for BioNanotechnology in Advanced Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Cell Transplant. 2009;18(1):1-12. doi: 10.3727/096368909788237195.
Intrahepatic islet transplantation provides a potentially more benign alternative to pancreatic transplantation. However, islet transplants are associated with limited engraftment potential. This inefficiency is likely at least partially attributable to the isolation process, which removes islets from their native environment. Isolation not only disrupts the internal vascularization and innervation of islets, but also fundamentally changes interactions between islet cells and macromolecules of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Signaling interactions between islet cells and ECM are known to regulate multiple aspects of islet physiology, including survival, proliferation, and insulin secretion. Although it is highly likely that disruptions to these interactions during isolation significantly affect transplant outcomes, the true implications of these conditions are not well understood. The following article reviews current understandings and uncertainties in islet-ECM interactions and explains their potential impact on posttransplant engraftment. Topics covered include matrix and receptor compositions in native islets, effects of isolation and culture on islet-ECM interactions, and potential for postisolation restoration of islet-ECM interactions. Greater understanding in these areas may help to reduce isolation and transplantation stresses and improve islet engraftment.
肝内胰岛移植为胰腺移植提供了一种潜在的更为良性的替代方案。然而，胰岛移植的植入潜力有限。这种低效率可能至少部分归因于分离过程，该过程将胰岛从其天然环境中取出。分离不仅破坏了胰岛的内部血管化和神经支配，还从根本上改变了胰岛细胞与细胞外基质（ECM）大分子之间的相互作用。已知胰岛细胞与ECM之间的信号相互作用可调节胰岛生理学的多个方面，包括存活、增殖和胰岛素分泌。尽管在分离过程中这些相互作用的破坏极有可能显著影响移植结果，但这些情况的真正影响尚未得到充分理解。以下文章综述了目前对胰岛-ECM相互作用的认识和不确定性，并解释了它们对移植后植入的潜在影响。涵盖的主题包括天然胰岛中的基质和受体组成、分离和培养对胰岛-ECM相互作用的影响，以及分离后恢复胰岛-ECM相互作用的可能性。对这些领域的更深入了解可能有助于减轻分离和移植压力并改善胰岛植入。
