Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
Plant Cell Environ. 2012 Feb;35(2):259-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02336.x. Epub 2011 Jun 20.
The redox state of the chloroplast and mitochondria, the two main powerhouses of photosynthesizing eukaryotes, is maintained by a delicate balance between energy production and consumption, and affected by the need to avoid increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These demands are especially critical during exposure to extreme environmental conditions, such as high light (HL) intensity, heat, drought or a combination of different environmental stresses. Under these conditions, ROS and redox cues, generated in the chloroplast and mitochondria, are essential for maintaining normal energy and metabolic fluxes, optimizing different cell functions, activating acclimation responses through retrograde signalling, and controlling whole-plant systemic signalling pathways. Regulation of the multiple redox and ROS signals in plants requires a high degree of coordination and balance between signalling and metabolic pathways in different cellular compartments. In this review, we provide an update on ROS and redox signalling in the context of abiotic stress responses, while addressing their role in retrograde regulation, systemic acquired acclimation and cellular coordination in plants.
叶绿体和线粒体的氧化还原状态是光合作用真核生物的两个主要能量工厂，由能量产生和消耗之间的微妙平衡来维持，并受到避免活性氧（ROS）产生增加的需求的影响。在暴露于极端环境条件下，如高光（HL）强度、热、干旱或不同环境胁迫的组合下，这些需求尤为关键。在这些条件下，在叶绿体和线粒体中产生的 ROS 和氧化还原线索对于维持正常的能量和代谢通量、优化不同细胞功能、通过逆行信号激活适应反应以及控制整个植物的系统信号通路是必不可少的。植物中多种氧化还原和 ROS 信号的调节需要在不同细胞区室的信号转导和代谢途径之间进行高度协调和平衡。在这篇综述中，我们根据非生物胁迫反应的情况提供了关于 ROS 和氧化还原信号的最新信息，同时讨论了它们在逆行调节、系统获得性适应和细胞协调中的作用。
