Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2011 Jul-Aug;3(4):400-20. doi: 10.1002/wnan.145. Epub 2011 Apr 26.
Coronary arterial disease, one of the leading causes of adult mortality, is triggered by atherosclerosis. A disease with complex etiology, atherosclerosis results from the progressive long-term combination of atherogenesis, the accumulation of modified lipoproteins within blood vessel walls, along with vascular and systemic inflammatory processes. The management of atherosclerosis is challenged by the localized flare-up of several multipronged signaling interactions between activated monocytes, atherogenic macrophages and inflamed or dysfunctional endothelial cells. A new generation of approaches is now emerging founded on multifocal, targeted therapies that seek to reverse or ameliorate the atheroinflammatory cascade within the vascular intima. This article reviews the various classes and primary examples of bioactive configurations of nanoscale assemblies. Of specific interest are polymer-based or polymer-lipid micellar assemblies designed as multimodal receptor-targeted blockers or drug carriers whose activity can be tuned by variations in polymer hydrophobicity, charge, and architecture. Also reviewed are emerging reports on multifunctional nanoassemblies and nanoparticles for improved circulation and enhanced targeting to atheroinflammatory lesions and atherosclerotic plaques.
冠状动脉疾病是成年人死亡的主要原因之一，由动脉粥样硬化引发。这是一种病因复杂的疾病，动脉粥样硬化是由动脉粥样硬化形成、血管和全身炎症过程中血管壁内改性脂蛋白的积累等因素，经过长期的、渐进的共同作用而产生的。动脉粥样硬化的治疗受到激活的单核细胞、动脉粥样硬化形成的巨噬细胞和炎症或功能失调的内皮细胞之间多种信号相互作用的局部爆发的挑战。目前出现了新一代的治疗方法，其基础是多靶点、靶向治疗，旨在逆转或改善血管内膜中的动脉粥样硬化炎症级联反应。本文综述了纳米级组装的各种类别和主要生物活性结构的例子。特别关注的是基于聚合物或聚合物脂质胶束的组装，这些组装被设计为多模式受体靶向阻滞剂或药物载体，其活性可以通过聚合物疏水性、电荷和结构的变化来调节。本文还综述了用于改善循环和增强对动脉粥样硬化病变和动脉粥样硬化斑块的靶向作用的多功能纳米组装体和纳米颗粒的新兴报道。
