Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2011 Nov 1;879(29):3108-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.062. Epub 2011 Apr 12.
It was long believed that D-amino acids were either unnatural isomers or laboratorial artifacts and that the important functions of amino acids were exerted only by l-amino acids. However, recent investigations have shown that a variety of D-amino acids are present in mammals and that they play important roles in physiological functions in the body. Among the free d-amino acids that have been identified in mammals, D-aspartate (D-Asp) has been shown to play a crucial role in the neuroendocrine and endocrine systems as well as in the central nervous system. Here, we present an overview of recent studies of free D-Asp, focusing on the analytical methods in real biological matrices, expression and localization in tissues and cells, biological and physiological activities, biosynthesis, degradation, cellular transport, and possible relevance to disease. In addition to frequently used techniques for the enantiomeric determination of amino acids, including high-performance liquid chromatography and enzymatic methods, the recent development of analytical methods is also described.
长期以来，人们一直认为 D-氨基酸是非天然的对映异构体或实验室制品，而氨基酸的重要功能仅由 L-氨基酸发挥。然而，最近的研究表明，各种 D-氨基酸存在于哺乳动物中，它们在体内的生理功能中发挥着重要作用。在已鉴定的哺乳动物游离 D-氨基酸中，天门冬氨酸（D-Asp）已被证明在神经内分泌和内分泌系统以及中枢神经系统中发挥关键作用。在这里，我们对游离 D-Asp 的最新研究进行了综述，重点介绍了在真实生物基质中的分析方法、在组织和细胞中的表达和定位、生物学和生理学活性、生物合成、降解、细胞转运以及与疾病的可能相关性。除了常用于氨基酸对映体测定的技术，包括高效液相色谱法和酶法，还描述了最近分析方法的发展。
