US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2012 Mar-Apr;22(2):109-15. doi: 10.1038/jes.2011.20. Epub 2011 May 4.
The US Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) deployed a total of over 2000 nitrogen dioxide, NO(2,) passive monitors during 3 years of field data collections. These 24-h based personal, residential outdoor and community-based measurements allowed for the investigation of NO(2) spatial, temporal, human and environmental factors. The relationships between personal exposures to NO(2) and the factors that influence the relationship with community-based measurements were of interest. Survey data from 136 participants were integrated with exposure findings to allow for mixed model effect analyses. Ultimately, 50 individual factors were selected for examination. NO(2) analyses revealed that season, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and residential gas appliances were strong influencing factors. Only modest associations between community-based measures of nitrogen dioxide and personal exposures impacted by various exposure factors for heating (r=0.44) or non-heating seasons (r=0.34) were observed, indicating that use of ambient-based monitoring as a surrogate of personal exposure might result in sizeable exposure misclassification.
美国环境保护署（EPA）的底特律暴露与气溶胶研究（DEARS）在 3 年的野外数据收集期间共部署了超过 2000 个二氧化氮（NO2）被动监测器。这些基于 24 小时的个人、住宅外和社区测量，使得 NO2 的空间、时间、人和环境因素得到了研究。个人接触 NO2 与影响与社区测量关系的因素之间的关系是人们感兴趣的。对 136 名参与者的调查数据进行了整合，以进行混合模型效应分析。最终，选择了 50 个个体因素进行检查。NO2 分析表明，季节、环境烟草烟雾暴露和住宅燃气器具是强烈的影响因素。仅观察到社区测量的二氧化氮与各种暴露因素对采暖（r=0.44）或非采暖季节（r=0.34）的个人暴露之间存在适度的关联，这表明使用环境监测作为个人暴露的替代物可能导致大量的暴露错误分类。
