US Environmental Protection Agency, MD E-205-04, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2014 Jul;24(4):337-45. doi: 10.1038/jes.2013.46. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
The US Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) Detroit Exposure and Aerosol Research Study (DEARS) has provided extensive data on human exposures to a wide variety of air pollutants and their impact on human health. Previous analyses in the DEARS revealed select cardiovascular (CV) health outcomes such as increase in heart rate (HR) associated with hourly based continuous personal fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures in this adult, non-smoking cohort. Examination of time activity diary (TAD), follow-up questionnaire (FQ) and the continuous PM2.5 personal monitoring data provided the means to more fully examine the impact of discreet human activity patterns on personal PM2.5 exposures and changes in CV outcomes. A total of 329 343 min-based PM2.5 personal measurements involving 50 participants indicated that ∼75% of these total events resulted in exposures <35 μg/m(3). Cooking and car-related events accounted for nearly 10% of the hourly activities that were identified with observed peaks in personal PM2.5 exposures. In-residence cooking often resulted in some of the highest incidents of 1 min exposures (33.5-17.6 μg/m(3)), with average peaks for such events in excess of 209 μg/m(3). PM2.5 exposure data from hourly based personal exposure activities (for example,, cooking, cleaning and household products) were compared with daily CV data from the DEARS subject population. A total of 1300 hourly based lag risk estimates associated with changes in brachial artery diameter and flow-mediated dilatation (BAD and FMD, respectively), among others, were defined for this cohort. Findings indicate that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposures resulted in significant HR changes between 3 and 7 h following the event, and exposure to smells resulted in increases in BAD on the order of 0.2-0.7 mm/μg/m(3). Results demonstrate that personal exposures may be associated with several biological responses, sometimes varying in degree and direction in relation to the extent of the exposure.
美国环境保护署（US EPA）的底特律暴露与气溶胶研究（DEARS）提供了广泛的数据，说明人类接触各种空气污染物及其对人类健康的影响。DEARS 中的先前分析表明，在这个成年不吸烟队列中，每小时连续的个人细颗粒物（PM2.5）暴露与心率（HR）增加等特定心血管（CV）健康结果有关。通过时间活动日记（TAD）、随访问卷（FQ）和连续的 PM2.5 个人监测数据的检查，为更全面地研究离散的人类活动模式对个人 PM2.5 暴露和 CV 结果变化的影响提供了手段。总共涉及 50 名参与者的 329343 分钟的 PM2.5 个人测量结果表明，这些总事件中约有 75%导致暴露值<35μg/m(3)。烹饪和与汽车相关的事件占观察到的个人 PM2.5 暴露峰值的近 10%的小时活动。在家中烹饪通常会导致一些 1 分钟的暴露量最高（33.5-17.6μg/m(3)），此类事件的平均峰值超过 209μg/m(3)。来自基于小时的个人暴露活动（例如烹饪、清洁和家用产品）的 PM2.5 暴露数据与 DEARS 研究对象人群的每日 CV 数据进行了比较。总共为该队列定义了 1300 个与肱动脉直径和血流介导的扩张（BAD 和 FMD）变化相关的基于小时的滞后风险估计。研究结果表明，环境烟草烟雾（ETS）暴露在事件发生后 3 至 7 小时内导致 HR 显著变化，而气味暴露导致 BAD 增加约 0.2-0.7mm/μg/m(3)。结果表明，个人暴露可能与多种生物学反应有关，其程度和方向有时与暴露程度有关。
