Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Kent, CT13 9NJ, UK.
Chem Soc Rev. 2012 Feb 21;41(4):1452-61. doi: 10.1039/c1cs15041c. Epub 2011 May 12.
Green Chemistry or Sustainable Chemistry is defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as "the design of chemical products that reduce or eliminate the use of hazardous substances" In recent years there is a greater societal expectation that chemists and chemical engineers should produce greener and more sustainable chemical processes and it is likely that this trend will continue to grow over the next few decades. This tutorial review gives information on solvents and solvent selection, basic environmental metrics collection and three industrial case histories. All three case histories involve enzymatic chemistry. Pregabalin (Lyrica®) is produced using a lipase based resolution and is extremely unusual in that all four manufacturing steps to make pregabalin are performed in water. Sitagliptin (Januvia®) uses a transaminase in the final chemical step. Finally a rosuvastatin (Crestor®) intermediate is produced using a deoxy ribose aldolase (DERA) enzyme in which two carbon-carbon bonds and two chiral centres are formed in the same process step.
绿色化学或可持续化学由美国环境保护署定义为“设计减少或消除使用有害物质的化学产品”。近年来，社会对化学家的期望越来越高，要求他们生产更环保、更可持续的化学工艺，而且这种趋势很可能在未来几十年继续增长。本教程综述介绍了溶剂和溶剂选择、基本环境指标收集以及三个工业案例研究。这三个案例研究都涉及酶化学。普瑞巴林（Lyrica®）采用基于脂肪酶的拆分法生产，非常特殊，因为制造普瑞巴林的所有四个制造步骤都在水中进行。西他列汀（Januvia®）在最后一步化学合成中使用氨基转移酶。最后，使用脱氧核糖醛缩酶（DERA）酶生产瑞舒伐他汀（Crestor®）中间体，该酶在同一反应步骤中形成两个碳-碳键和两个手性中心。
