Eapen Danny J, Manocha Pankaj, Valiani Kiran, Mantini Nicholas, Sperling Laurence, McGorisk Gerard M
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Rd, D 407-B, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2011 Aug;13(4):313-25. doi: 10.1007/s11936-011-0131-z.
Moderate alcohol intake is beneficial to the heart and cardiovascular system. A J- or U-shaped response has been shown in the majority of studies examining alcohol's effect on cardiovascular mortality and downstream cardio-metabolic effects, with heavy alcohol intake associated with worse outcomes. These effects apply to individuals with and without underlying coronary artery disease. However, care must be taken in defining "moderate" intake between the sexes. Males appear to have a wider therapeutic window and can afford 2 to 3 drinks per day whereas women should limit intake to 1 to 2 drinks per day (a "drink" being classified as 10 to 14 grams of alcohol). More than half of alcohol's cardioprotective effects can be attributed to its effect on lipoproteins, specifically an increase in high-density lipoprotein. Interestingly, the risk of cardiovascular mortality in former heavy drinkers has been shown to ultimately approach the risk seen in lifelong abstainers.
适度饮酒对心脏和心血管系统有益。在大多数研究酒精对心血管死亡率及下游心脏代谢影响的研究中，呈现出J形或U形反应，大量饮酒与更差的结果相关。这些影响适用于有和没有潜在冠状动脉疾病的个体。然而，在界定两性的“适度”饮酒量时必须谨慎。男性似乎有更宽的治疗窗，每天可以饮用2至3杯酒，而女性应将饮酒量限制在每天1至2杯（一杯酒定义为含10至14克酒精）。酒精超过一半的心脏保护作用可归因于其对脂蛋白的影响，特别是高密度脂蛋白的增加。有趣的是，已表明既往大量饮酒者的心血管死亡风险最终会接近终身戒酒者的风险。
