McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
The Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2017 Mar;19(3):13. doi: 10.1007/s11883-017-0647-0.
Previous research suggests that low-moderate alcohol consumption may have cardioprotective effects, while heavy or binge-pattern drinking is harmful. New evidence and research methodology may inform safe thresholds of alcohol use. This review examines recent evidence regarding alcohol's effect on cardiovascular disease, with a special consideration of pattern, drink type, and total quantity.
New epidemiologic research confirms the potential harmful cardiovascular effects of heavy episodic alcohol use and does not support the previous observation that low-moderate alcohol use protects against stroke. Alcohol consumption also appears to have a continuous positive relationship with the risk of atrial fibrillation. In addition, Mendelian randomization analyses suggest that alcohol may have a direct causal role in adverse cardiovascular effects. Recent studies have confirmed that heavy alcohol use (>14 drinks per week in women and >21 drinks per week in men) and heavy episodic drinking are associated with an increased risk of mortality. New research raises concerns that even low-moderate alcohol use may not offer cardio- or cerebrovascular protection. Drinking ≥3 drinks per day on a regular basis or ≥5 drinks in any one episode should be discouraged.
既往研究表明，低-中度饮酒可能具有心脏保护作用，而重度或 binge 型饮酒则有害。新的证据和研究方法可能会为安全的饮酒量阈值提供信息。本综述探讨了近期关于酒精对心血管疾病影响的证据，特别考虑了饮酒模式、饮酒类型和总量。
新的流行病学研究证实了重度间歇性饮酒对心血管的潜在有害影响，并且不支持之前观察到的低-中度饮酒可预防中风的观点。饮酒似乎与心房颤动风险呈连续正相关。此外，孟德尔随机分析表明，酒精可能对不良心血管影响具有直接的因果作用。最近的研究证实，重度饮酒（女性每周>14 次，男性每周>21 次）和重度间歇性饮酒与死亡率升高相关。新的研究引起了人们的担忧，即即使是低-中度饮酒也可能无法提供心脏或脑血管保护。应劝阻每天定期饮用≥3 杯或单次饮用≥5 杯。
