Inhorn Marcia C
Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8277, USA.
Anthropol Med. 2011 Apr;18(1):87-103. doi: 10.1080/13648470.2010.525876.
'Reproductive tourism' has been defined as the search for assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and human gametes (eggs, sperm, embryos) across national and international borders. This article conceptualizes reproductive tourism within 'global reproscapes,' which involve the circulation of actors, technologies, money, media, ideas, and human gametes, all moving in complicated manners across geographical landscapes. Focusing on the Muslim countries of the Middle East, the article explores the Islamic 'local moral worlds' informing the movements of Middle Eastern infertile couples. The ban on third-party gamete donation in Sunni Muslim-majority countries and the recent allowance of donor technologies in the Shia Muslim-majority countries of Iran and Lebanon have led to significant movements of infertile couples across Middle Eastern national borders. In the new millennium, Iran is leading the way into this 'brave new world' of high-tech, third-party assisted conception, with Islamic bioethical discourses being used to justify various forms of technological assistance. Although the Middle East is rarely regarded in this way, it is a key site for understanding the intersection of technoscience, religious morality, and modernity, all of which are deeply implicated in the new world of reproductive tourism.
“生殖旅游”被定义为跨越国界在国内外寻求辅助生殖技术（ART）和人类配子（卵子、精子、胚胎）。本文将生殖旅游概念置于“全球生殖景观”之中，这涉及参与者、技术、资金、媒体、观念和人类配子的流通，所有这些都以复杂的方式在地理区域内流动。本文聚焦中东的穆斯林国家，探讨影响中东不孕夫妇流动的伊斯兰“地方道德世界”。逊尼派穆斯林占多数的国家禁止第三方配子捐赠，而什叶派穆斯林占多数的伊朗和黎巴嫩最近允许使用捐赠技术，这导致不孕夫妇大量跨越中东国家边境流动。在新千年，伊朗引领进入这个高科技、第三方辅助受孕的“勇敢新世界”，伊斯兰生物伦理话语被用来为各种形式的技术援助提供正当理由。尽管中东很少以这种方式被看待，但它是理解技术科学、宗教道德和现代性交汇的关键场所，所有这些都与生殖旅游的新世界密切相关。
