National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy.
Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2011 Oct;21(5):560-78. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2011.573255. Epub 2011 May 24.
Neuropsychological or cognitive rehabilitation has undergone a considerable theoretical and practical development as a specialised field of research and clinical application in its own right. Its possibilities of intervention have been considerably expanded after the abandonment of a wrong belief in the immutability of the central nervous system and the growing evidence in favour of the existence of a considerable degree of neuroplasticity even in the mature and aged brain. Modulation of synaptic transmission and synaptogenesis, the staple mechanism of neuroplasticity in development, maturation and learning, is also assumed by most to underlie functional recovery in the damaged central nervous system. In order to achieve a true scientific rationale for neurological and neuropsychological rehabilitation, it will be necessary to fully understand the actual overlaps and the actual differences between the mechanisms of repair and reorganisation after brain damage and those of physiological development and normal learning.
神经心理学或认知康复作为一个专门的研究和临床应用领域，经历了相当大的理论和实践发展。在放弃了中枢神经系统不可改变的错误信念，并越来越多的证据支持成熟和老年大脑中存在相当程度的神经可塑性之后，其干预的可能性得到了极大的扩展。大多数人认为，突触传递和突触发生的调节，即发育、成熟和学习中神经可塑性的主要机制，也是中枢神经系统损伤后功能恢复的基础。为了为神经和神经心理学康复提供真正的科学依据，有必要充分了解脑损伤后的修复和重组机制与生理发育和正常学习之间的实际重叠和实际差异。
