Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Jul;77(13):4273-9. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00598-11. Epub 2011 May 13.
Fresh and processed poultry have been frequently implicated in cases of human salmonellosis. Furthermore, increased consumption of meat and poultry has increased the potential for exposure to Salmonella enterica. While advances have been made in reducing the prevalence and frequency of Salmonella contamination in processed poultry, there is mounting pressure on commercial growers to prevent and/or eliminate these human pathogens in preharvest production facilities. Several factors contribute to Salmonella colonization in commercial poultry, including the serovar and the infectious dose. In the early 1900s, Salmonella enterica serovars Pullorum and Gallinarum caused widespread diseases in poultry, but vaccination and other voluntary programs helped eradicate pullorum disease and fowl typhoid from commercial flocks. However, the niche created by the eradication of these serovars was likely filled by S. Enteritidis, which proliferated in the bird populations. While this pathogen remains a significant problem in commercial egg and poultry production, its prevalence among poultry has been declining since the 1990s. Coinciding with the decrease of S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg and S. Kentucky have emerged as the predominant serovars in commercial broilers. In this review, we have highlighted bacterial genetic and host-related factors that may contribute to such shifts in Salmonella populations in commercial poultry and intervention strategies that could limit their colonization.
新鲜和加工的家禽经常与人类沙门氏菌病有关。此外，肉类和家禽消费的增加增加了接触沙门氏菌enterica 的可能性。虽然在减少加工家禽中沙门氏菌污染的流行率和频率方面已经取得了进展，但商业养殖者面临着越来越大的压力，需要在收获前生产设施中预防和/或消除这些人类病原体。有几个因素导致商业家禽中的沙门氏菌定植，包括血清型和感染剂量。在 20 世纪初，沙门氏菌血清型 Pullorum 和 Gallinarum 导致家禽广泛发病，但疫苗接种和其他自愿计划帮助根除了商业禽类中的 Pullorum 病和禽伤寒。然而，这些血清型根除后留下的小生境可能被肠炎沙门氏菌填补，肠炎沙门氏菌在鸟类种群中大量繁殖。虽然这种病原体仍然是商业鸡蛋和家禽生产中的一个重大问题，但自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，其在禽类中的流行率一直在下降。与肠炎沙门氏菌的减少同时发生的是，海德堡沙门氏菌和肯塔基沙门氏菌已成为商业肉鸡中的主要血清型。在这篇综述中，我们强调了可能导致商业家禽中沙门氏菌种群发生这种变化的细菌遗传和宿主相关因素，以及可能限制其定植的干预策略。
