Kondo Taisuke, Hearing Vincent J
Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Expert Rev Dermatol. 2011 Feb 1;6(1):97-108. doi: 10.1586/edm.10.70.
Melanogenesis is the unique process of producing pigmented biopolymers that are sequestered within melanosomes, which provides color to the skin, hair and eyes of animals and, in the case of human skin, also protects the underlying tissues from UV damage. We review the current understanding of melanogenesis, focusing on factors important to the biochemistry of pigment synthesis, the biogenesis of melanosomes, signaling pathways and factors that regulate melanogenesis, intramelanosomal pH, transport and transfer of melanosomes, and pigmentary disorders related to the dysfunction of melanosome-related proteins. Although it has been known for some time that many of the factors that affect melanogenesis are derived from keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hormones, inflammatory cells and nerves, a number of new factors that are involved in that regulation have recently been reported, such as factors that regulate melanosome pH and ion transport.
黑色素生成是产生色素性生物聚合物的独特过程，这些聚合物被隔离在黑素小体内，赋予动物的皮肤、毛发和眼睛颜色，就人类皮肤而言，还能保护下层组织免受紫外线损伤。我们综述了目前对黑色素生成的理解，重点关注色素合成生物化学、黑素小体生物发生、调节黑色素生成的信号通路和因素、黑素小体内pH值、黑素小体的运输和转移以及与黑素小体相关蛋白功能障碍相关的色素紊乱等重要因素。虽然人们早就知道影响黑色素生成的许多因素来自角质形成细胞、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、激素、炎症细胞和神经，但最近有一些新的参与该调节的因素被报道，例如调节黑素小体pH值和离子运输的因素。
