Department of Maternal and Pediatric Sciences, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011 Jun;52(6):662-9. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3182169253.
This Comment by the Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition aims to provide a summary of the role of nutrition-related factors on obesity prevention in children ages 2 to 18 years. This Comment emphasizes that dietary interventions should be incorporated into a multidisciplinary strategy for obesity prevention. No single nutrient has been unequivocally associated with the development of obesity. Methodological limitations in study design and the complex nature of obesity must be taken into account when interpreting the association with reported dietary factors. Energy intake should be individually determined, taking into account energy expenditure and growth. Preferential intake of slowly absorbed carbohydrates and limiting the ingestion of rapidly absorbed carbohydrates and simple sugars should be promoted. No specific recommendations for macronutrient intakes to prevent obesity can be made. Plant foods can be used as the main food contributors to a well-balanced diet with adequate monitoring of nutrient intake. Plain water should be promoted as the main source of fluids for children instead of sugar-sweetened beverages. Children should eat at least 4 meals, including breakfast, every day. Regular family meals should be encouraged. Regular consumption of fast food with large portion sizes and high energy density should be avoided. Healthy food options should be promoted for snacking. Food portion sizes should be appropriate for age and body size. Nutrition and lifestyle education aimed at the prevention of obesity should be included in the routine care of children by health care professionals.
本评论由欧洲儿科学会胃肠病学、肝病学和营养学营养委员会撰写，旨在总结与儿童（2 至 18 岁）肥胖预防相关的营养因素的作用。本评论强调，饮食干预措施应纳入肥胖预防的多学科策略中。没有单一营养素与肥胖的发展有明确关联。在解释与报告的饮食因素的相关性时，必须考虑到研究设计的方法学局限性和肥胖的复杂性质。应根据能量消耗和生长情况，个体化确定能量摄入。应提倡优先摄入缓慢吸收的碳水化合物，并限制快速吸收的碳水化合物和简单糖的摄入。无法针对预防肥胖提出特定的宏量营养素摄入量建议。植物性食物可以作为均衡饮食的主要食物来源，同时要充分监测营养素的摄入。白开水应作为儿童的主要液体来源，而不是含糖饮料。儿童每天至少应吃 4 餐，包括早餐。应鼓励定期家庭用餐。应避免经常食用大份量、高能量密度的快餐。应推广健康的零食选择。食物份量应适合年龄和体型。医疗保健专业人员应在儿童的常规护理中纳入针对肥胖预防的营养和生活方式教育。
