Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 221 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Plant Mol Biol. 2011 Aug;76(6):489-505. doi: 10.1007/s11103-011-9776-y. Epub 2011 May 19.
GH3 amino acid conjugases have been identified in many plant and bacterial species. The evolution of GH3 genes in plant species is explored using the sequenced rosids Arabidopsis, papaya, poplar, and grape. Analysis of the sequenced non-rosid eudicots monkey flower and columbine, the monocots maize and rice, as well as spikemoss and moss is included to provide further insight into the origin of GH3 clades. Comparison of co-linear genes in regions surrounding GH3 genes between species helps reconstruct the evolutionary history of the family. Combining analysis of synteny with phylogenetics, gene expression and functional data redefines the Group III GH3 genes, of which AtGH3.12/PBS3, a regulator of stress-induced salicylic acid metabolism and plant defense, is a member. Contrary to previous reports that restrict PBS3 to Arabidopsis and its close relatives, PBS3 syntelogs are identified in poplar, grape, columbine, maize and rice suggesting descent from a common ancestral chromosome dating to before the eudicot/monocot split. In addition, the clade containing PBS3 has undergone a unique expansion in Arabidopsis, with expression patterns for these genes consistent with specialized and evolving stress-responsive functions.
GH3 氨基酸共轭酶已在许多植物和细菌物种中被鉴定出来。使用已测序的蔷薇科植物拟南芥、木瓜、杨树和葡萄，探索了植物物种中 GH3 基因的进化。对已测序的非蔷薇科植物猴面花和耧斗菜、单子叶植物玉米和水稻以及石松和苔藓的分析，进一步深入了解 GH3 进化枝的起源。比较物种间 GH3 基因周围共线性基因有助于重建家族的进化史。将基因共线性分析与系统发生学、基因表达和功能数据相结合，重新定义了 GH3 基因家族的 III 组，其中 AtGH3.12/PBS3 是一种调节应激诱导水杨酸代谢和植物防御的调节剂，是其成员。与之前将 PBS3 仅限于拟南芥及其近缘种的报道相反，PBS3 的同系物在杨树、葡萄、耧斗菜、玉米和水稻中被鉴定出来，这表明它起源于一个共同的祖先染色体，可以追溯到真双子叶植物/单子叶植物分裂之前。此外，含有 PBS3 的进化枝在拟南芥中经历了独特的扩张，这些基因的表达模式与其特化和进化的应激反应功能一致。
