Teng Cheong Lieng, Tong Seng Fah, Khoo Ee Ming, Lee Verna, Zailinawati Abu Hassan, Mimi Omar, Chen Wei Seng, Nordin Salleh
Department of Family Medicine, International Medical University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
Aust Fam Physician. 2011 May;40(5):325-9.
Overprescription of antibiotics is a continuing problem in primary care. This study aims to assess the antibiotic prescribing rates and antibiotic choices for upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and urinary tract infections (UTI) in Malaysian primary care.
Antibiotic prescribing data for URTI and UTI was extracted from a morbidity survey of randomly selected primary care clinics in Malaysia.
Analysis was performed of 1,163 URTI and 105 UTI encounters. Antibiotic prescribing rates for URTI and UTI were 33.8% and 57.1% respectively. Antibiotic prescribing rates were higher in private clinics compared to public clinics for URTI, but not for UTI. In URTI encounters, the majority of antibiotics prescribed were penicillins and macrolides, but penicillin V was notably underused. In UTI encounters, the antibiotics prescribed were predominantly penicillins or cotrimoxazole.
Greater effort is needed to bring about evidence based antibiotic prescribing in Malaysian primary care, especially for URTIs in private clinics.
抗生素过度处方是基层医疗中持续存在的问题。本研究旨在评估马来西亚基层医疗中治疗上呼吸道感染（URTI）和尿路感染（UTI）的抗生素处方率及抗生素选择情况。
从马来西亚随机选取的基层医疗诊所的发病率调查中提取URTI和UTI的抗生素处方数据。
对1163例URTI病例和105例UTI病例进行了分析。URTI和UTI的抗生素处方率分别为33.8%和57.1%。在URTI方面，私立诊所的抗生素处方率高于公立诊所，但UTI并非如此。在URTI病例中，所开的抗生素大多数是青霉素和大环内酯类，但青霉素V的使用明显不足。在UTI病例中，所开的抗生素主要是青霉素或复方新诺明。
在马来西亚基层医疗中，需要做出更大努力以实现基于证据的抗生素处方，尤其是在私立诊所治疗URTI时。
