Laboratory of Immuno-Hematology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
Semin Immunopathol. 2011 Nov;33(6):519-24. doi: 10.1007/s00281-011-0271-y. Epub 2011 May 21.
Stem cell transplantation consists in the introduction of stem cells or derived products in a diseased organism. Because of the differentiation properties of stem cells, the goal is to replace damaged cells or tissues. Numbers of stem cell were identified and isolated from embryos, fetuses, or adult organs, harboring different properties, and thus providing multiple strategies of regenerative medicine for different diseases. More recently, the artificial induction of stemness properties in adult somatic cells has proposed a new way to generate stem cells. One important concern of stem cell therapy is the possible risk that transplanted stem cells could be rejected by the recipient's immune system. Depending on their source, stem cell transplantation is associated with diverse immunological situations. If some sources allow autologous transplantation, others cannot bypass an allogeneic context between the donor and the recipient. This review summarizes all of the stem cell sources for regenerative medicine and the immunological questions associated to their use. Regarding the emerging strategies compatible with autologous transplantation, this article points notably the complexity of the choice between the immunological safety and the specific advantages of allogeneic stem cells.
干细胞移植是指将干细胞或其衍生产品引入患病的机体中。由于干细胞具有分化特性，其目的是替代受损的细胞或组织。已经从胚胎、胎儿或成人器官中鉴定和分离出数量众多的干细胞，这些干细胞具有不同的特性，从而为不同的疾病提供了多种再生医学策略。最近，在成人体细胞中人工诱导干细胞特性提出了一种产生干细胞的新方法。干细胞治疗的一个重要关注点是，移植的干细胞可能被受体的免疫系统排斥的潜在风险。根据其来源，干细胞移植与不同的免疫情况有关。如果某些来源允许自体移植，那么其他来源则不能绕过供体和受体之间的同种异体环境。这篇综述总结了所有用于再生医学的干细胞来源，以及与其使用相关的免疫学问题。关于与自体移植兼容的新兴策略，本文特别指出了在免疫安全性和同种异体干细胞的特定优势之间进行选择的复杂性。
