López O J, Sadir A M, Borca M V, Fernández F M, Braun M, Schudel A A
Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, INTA-Castelar, Argentina.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 1990 Apr;24(4):313-21. doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(90)90002-a.
A murine model was used to study the mechanisms involved in the prolonged immune response to live and inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The antibody response elicited by the infection persisted throughout the entire life of the animal, while immunization with inactivated virus induced a transient response. The administration of inactivated virus in a water-in-oil emulsion increased antibody titres to values as high as those obtained by infection. There was a high correlation between neutralizing antibody titre and transfer of immunity with primed cells, and the protection afforded against challenge with infectious virus. It appears that the mechanism involved in the induction of prolonged immune memory in infected animals is not due to viral persistence. Nude mice infected with FMDV also evidenced a prolonged immune response, showing marked differences in antibody levels but equal effectiveness against challenge when nu/nu and nu/+ animals were compared. Furthermore, athymic and euthymic littermates were efficient in conferring protection when cells were transferred to irradiated animals. It is concluded that there is an effective, T-cell-independent, prolonged immune memory against FMDV in this murine model, and that the difference in the immune responses to live and inactivated virus is due mainly to differential antigenic processing rather than to a difference in the degree of sensitization of effector cells.
利用小鼠模型研究了对活口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）和灭活口蹄疫病毒产生延长免疫反应的相关机制。感染引发的抗体反应在动物的整个生命过程中持续存在，而用灭活病毒免疫则诱导出短暂的反应。在水包油乳剂中给予灭活病毒可使抗体滴度升高至与感染所获滴度一样高的值。中和抗体滴度与用致敏细胞进行免疫转移以及针对感染性病毒攻击所提供的保护之间存在高度相关性。看来，感染动物中诱导延长免疫记忆的机制并非由于病毒持续存在。感染FMDV的裸鼠也表现出延长的免疫反应，当比较nu/nu和nu/+动物时，它们在抗体水平上存在显著差异，但在抵抗攻击方面效果相同。此外，当将细胞转移至受辐照动物时，无胸腺和有胸腺的同窝仔鼠在提供保护方面同样有效。得出的结论是，在该小鼠模型中存在针对FMDV的有效、不依赖T细胞的延长免疫记忆，并且对活病毒和灭活病毒免疫反应的差异主要是由于抗原加工方式不同，而非效应细胞致敏程度的差异。
