Stoops William W, Poole Mégan M, Vansickel Andrea R, Rush Craig R
Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA.
Behav Processes. 2011 Jul;87(3):302-5. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2011.05.002. Epub 2011 May 20.
The availability of alternative reinforcers reduces drug taking. Escalating alternative reinforcer values have been used to initiate and maintain abstinence from drug use. A reset in reinforcer value has been added to the schedule of alternative reinforcer presentation to discourage relapse. The purpose of this preliminary study was to test the influence of escalating and escalating and resetting alternative reinforcer value on cigarette choice in the human laboratory. Fourteen daily cigarette smokers completed this experiment, which required one practice and three experimental sessions. During each experimental session, subjects made six choices between smoking a cigarette and receiving money, available under Constant, Escalating or Escalating and Resetting conditions. The total number of cigarettes chosen and puffs taken, but not the maximum consecutive number of cigarettes choices, was decreased in the Escalating condition relative to the Constant condition. The maximum number of consecutive cigarettes chosen was decreased in the Escalating and Resetting condition relative to the Constant condition. The proportion of money earned was increased in the Escalating condition relative to the Constant and Escalating and Resetting conditions. These initial findings indicate that whereas an escalating alternative reinforcer schedule reduces cigarette smoking overall, an escalating and resetting alternative reinforcer schedule may reduce repeated cigarette smoking (i.e., relapse).
可获得替代强化物会减少药物使用。提高替代强化物的价值已被用于启动和维持戒毒。在替代强化物呈现的时间表中增加了强化物价值重置，以防止复吸。这项初步研究的目的是在人体实验室中测试提高以及提高并重置替代强化物价值对香烟选择的影响。14名每日吸烟的人完成了这项实验，该实验需要一次练习和三次实验环节。在每个实验环节中，受试者在吸烟和获得金钱之间做出六次选择，这在恒定、递增或递增并重置条件下均可实现。与恒定条件相比，在递增条件下选择的香烟总数和吸食的口数减少了，但连续选择香烟的最大次数没有减少。与恒定条件相比，在递增并重置条件下连续选择香烟的最大次数减少了。与恒定条件以及递增并重置条件相比，在递增条件下赚取金钱的比例增加了。这些初步研究结果表明，虽然递增的替代强化物时间表总体上会减少吸烟，但递增并重置的替代强化物时间表可能会减少重复吸烟（即复吸）。
