The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2011 May;10(5):645-58. doi: 10.1586/erv.11.28.
Effective prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccination is a key strategy for controlling the global TB epidemic. The partial effectiveness of the existing TB vaccine, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), suggests effective vaccination is possible and highlights the need for an improved vaccination strategy. Clinical trials are evaluating both modifications to the existing BCG immunization methods and also novel TB vaccines, designed to replace or boost BCG. Candidate vaccines in clinical development include live mycobacterial vaccines designed to replace BCG, subunit vaccines designed to boost BCG and therapeutic vaccines designed as an adjunct to chemotherapy. There is a great need for validated animal models, identification of immunological biomarkers of protection and field sites with the capacity for large-scale efficacy testing in order to develop and license a novel TB vaccine or regimen.
有效的预防性和/或治疗性疫苗接种是控制全球结核病流行的关键策略。现有的结核病疫苗卡介苗（BCG）的部分有效性表明有效的疫苗接种是可能的，并突出了需要改进的疫苗接种策略。临床试验正在评估对现有卡介苗免疫方法的修改，以及旨在替代或增强卡介苗的新型结核病疫苗。正在临床开发中的候选疫苗包括旨在替代卡介苗的活分枝杆菌疫苗、旨在增强卡介苗的亚单位疫苗以及作为化疗辅助剂的治疗性疫苗。为了开发和许可新型结核病疫苗或方案，非常需要经过验证的动物模型、鉴定保护性免疫生物标志物以及具有大规模疗效测试能力的现场站点。
