Louis Casteilla, Valérie Planat-Benard, Patrick Laharrague, Béatrice Cousin, Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 5241 Métabolisme, Plasticité et Mitochondrie, BP 84225, F-31 432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
World J Stem Cells. 2011 Apr 26;3(4):25-33. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v3.i4.25.
In adults, adipose tissue is abundant and can be easily sampled using liposuction. Largely involved in obesity and associated metabolic disorders, it is now described as a reservoir of immature stromal cells. These cells, called adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) must be distinguished from the crude stromal vascular fraction (SVF) obtained after digestion of adipose tissue. ADSCs share many features with mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, including paracrine activity, but they also display some specific features, including a greater angiogenic potential. Their angiogenic properties as well as their paracrine activity suggest a putative tumor-promoting role for ADSCs although contradictory data have been published on this issue. Both SVF cells and ADSCs are currently being investigated in clinical trials in several fields (chronic inflammation, ischemic diseases, etc.). Apart from a phase III trial on the treatment of fistula, most of these are in phase I and use autologous cells. In the near future, the end results of these trials should provide a great deal of data on the safety of ADSC use.
在成年人中，脂肪组织丰富，可以通过吸脂术轻松取样。脂肪组织主要与肥胖和相关代谢紊乱有关，现在被描述为未成熟基质细胞的储存库。这些细胞称为脂肪来源的基质细胞（ADSCs），必须与从脂肪组织消化后获得的粗基质血管部分（SVF）区分开来。ADSCs 与骨髓来源的间充质干细胞具有许多共同特征，包括旁分泌活性，但它们也表现出一些特定特征，包括更强的血管生成潜力。尽管在这个问题上已经发表了一些相互矛盾的数据，但 ADSC 的血管生成特性及其旁分泌活性提示它们可能具有促进肿瘤的作用。目前，SVF 细胞和 ADSC 都正在多个领域（慢性炎症、缺血性疾病等）的临床试验中进行研究。除了一项关于瘘管治疗的 III 期试验外，这些试验中的大多数都处于 I 期，使用的是自体细胞。在不久的将来，这些试验的最终结果应该会提供大量关于 ADSC 使用安全性的数据。
