Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY 10032, USA.
Brain Imaging Behav. 2011 Sep;5(3):212-21. doi: 10.1007/s11682-011-9125-4.
Age impacts multiple neural measures and these changes do not always directly translate into alterations in clinical and cognitive measures. This partial protection from the deleterious effects of age in some individuals is referred to as cognitive reserve (CR) and although linked to variations in intelligence and life experiences, its mechanism is still unclear. Within the framework of a theoretical model we tested two potential mechanistic roles of CR to maintain task performance, neural reserve and neural compensation, in young and older adults using functional and structural MRI. Neural reserve refers to increased efficiency and/or capacity of existing functional neural resources. Neural compensation refers to the increased ability to recruit new, additional functional resources. Using structural and functional measures and task performance, the roles of CR were tested using path analysis. Results supported both mechanistic theories of CR and the use of our general theoretical model.
年龄会影响多种神经测量指标，而这些变化并不总是直接转化为临床和认知测量指标的改变。在某些个体中，这种对年龄有害影响的部分保护被称为认知储备（CR），尽管它与智力和生活经验的变化有关，但它的机制仍不清楚。在一个理论模型的框架内，我们使用功能和结构磁共振成像（fMRI）在年轻和老年成年人中测试了 CR 维持任务表现的两种潜在机制作用，即神经储备和神经补偿。神经储备是指现有的功能神经资源的效率和/或容量增加。神经补偿是指招募新的、额外的功能资源的能力增加。使用结构和功能测量以及任务表现，通过路径分析测试了 CR 的作用。结果支持了 CR 的两种机制理论和我们一般理论模型的使用。
