Axelsson B
Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden.
Biomed Imaging Interv J. 2007 Apr;3(2):e47. doi: 10.2349/biij.3.2.e47. Epub 2007 Apr 1.
Optimisation of radiation protection in fluoroscopy is important since the procedure could lead to relatively high absorbed doses both in patients and personnel resulting in acute radiation injury. Optimisation procedures include adjustment of the fluoroscopy equipment such as exposure factors as well as proper use of automatic brightness control and pulsed fluoroscopy. It is also important to gain the benefits of image processing and the higher sensitivity of flat panel detectors as compared to image intensifier-TV systems.Proper positioning of the patient with respect to detector and X-ray tube is of fundamental importance to image quality and radiation dose to the patient. Both image quality and radiation dose are also affected by the methodology used with parameters such as magnification factor, increased filtration, use of last-image-hold and the use of a grid.There is a direct relation between patient dose and the absorbed dose to the personnel since this is mostly due to scattered radiation from the patient. If the correct methodology and the correct radiation protection devices are used, the absorbed dose to the personnel could be minimised to acceptable levels even for those working with complex procedures.In order to have an organised review of all aspects of optimisation, it is recommendable to have an active quality system at the department. This system should define responsibilities and tasks for persons involved.
在荧光透视中优化辐射防护很重要，因为该程序可能会导致患者和工作人员吸收相对较高的剂量，从而造成急性辐射损伤。优化程序包括调整荧光透视设备，如曝光因素，以及正确使用自动亮度控制和脉冲荧光透视。与影像增强器 - 电视系统相比，利用图像处理的优势和平板探测器更高的灵敏度也很重要。患者相对于探测器和X射线管的正确定位对于图像质量和患者的辐射剂量至关重要。图像质量和辐射剂量还受到所使用方法的影响，这些方法包括放大倍数、增加滤过、使用图像保持功能以及使用滤线栅等参数。患者剂量与工作人员的吸收剂量之间存在直接关系，因为这主要是由于患者的散射辐射所致。如果使用正确的方法和正确的辐射防护设备，即使对于从事复杂程序的人员，工作人员的吸收剂量也可以降至可接受水平。为了对优化的各个方面进行有条理的审查，建议科室建立一个活跃的质量体系。该体系应明确相关人员的职责和任务。
