Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e20144. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020144. Epub 2011 May 20.
Anthropogenic landscapes influence evolutionary processes such as population genetic differentiation, however, not every type of landscape features exert the same effect on a species, hence it is necessary to estimate their relative effect for species management and conservation. Przewalski's gazelle (Procapra przewalskii), which inhabits a human-altered area on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is one of the most endangered antelope species in the world. Here, we report a landscape genetic study on Przewalski's gazelle. We used skin and fecal samples of 169 wild gazelles collected from nine populations and thirteen microsatellite markers to assess the genetic effect of anthropogenic landscape features on this species. For comparison, the genetic effect of geographical distance and topography were also evaluated. We found significant genetic differentiation, six genetic groups and restricted dispersal pattern in Przewalski's gazelle. Topography, human settlement and road appear to be responsible for observed genetic differentiation as they were significantly correlated with both genetic distance measures [F(ST)/(1-F(ST)) and F'(ST)/(1-F'(ST))] in Mantel tests. IBD (isolation by distance) was also inferred as a significant factor in Mantel tests when genetic distance was measured as F(ST)/(1-F(ST)). However, using partial Mantel tests, AIC(c) calculations, causal modeling and AMOVA analysis, we found that human settlement was the main factor shaping current genetic differentiation among those tested. Altogether, our results reveal the relative influence of geographical distance, topography and three anthropogenic landscape-type on population genetic differentiation of Przewalski's gazelle and provide useful information for conservation measures on this endangered species.
人为景观影响着进化过程，如种群遗传分化，但并非所有类型的景观都对物种产生相同的影响，因此有必要估计它们对物种管理和保护的相对影响。普氏原羚（Procapra przewalskii）栖息在青藏高原的人类改造区域，是世界上最濒危的羚羊物种之一。在这里，我们报告了一项关于普氏原羚的景观遗传学研究。我们使用了来自九个种群的 169 只野生普氏原羚的皮肤和粪便样本，以及 13 个微卫星标记，以评估人为景观特征对该物种的遗传影响。为了比较，我们还评估了地理距离和地形的遗传效应。我们发现普氏原羚存在显著的遗传分化、六个遗传群体和受限的扩散模式。地形、人类住区和道路似乎是导致观察到的遗传分化的原因，因为它们与 Mantel 检验中的两种遗传距离度量[F(ST)/(1-F(ST))和 F'(ST)/(1-F'(ST))]显著相关。当遗传距离被测量为 F(ST)/(1-F(ST))时，IBD（距离隔离）也被推断为 Mantel 检验中的一个显著因素。然而，通过部分 Mantel 检验、AIC(c)计算、因果建模和 AMOVA 分析，我们发现人类住区是塑造当前普氏原羚种群遗传分化的主要因素。总之，我们的研究结果揭示了地理距离、地形和三种人为景观类型对普氏原羚种群遗传分化的相对影响，并为该濒危物种的保护措施提供了有用的信息。
