Ward R L, Ashley C S
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1978 Dec;36(6):898-905. doi: 10.1128/aem.36.6.898-905.1978.
The effect of moisture content on the rates of heat inactivation of enteric viruses in wastewater sludge was determined. The protective effect of raw sludge on poliovirus previously observed (R. L. Ward, C. S. Ashley, and R. H. Moseley, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 32:339--346, 1976) was found to be greatly enhanced in sludge dewatered by evaporation. Other enteroviruses responded in a similar fashion. This effect did not appear to be due merely to the state of dryness of the sludge samples because in humus-deficient soil, a relatively inert material, the rate of poliovirus inactivation by heat was not significantly altered through dewatering. Instead, this effect appeared to have been caused by protective substances in the sludge, such as detergents, which are concentrated through dewatering. As reported previously (R. L. Ward and C. S. Ashley, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34:681-688, 1977; R. L. Ward and C. S. Ashley, Appl. Environ. Microbiol 36:889--897, 1978) raw sludge is not protective of reovirus, but, instead, the ionic detergents in sludge cause the rate of heat inactivation of this virus to be accelerated. Dewatering of sludge, however, was found to partially reverse this virucidal effect. Evidence is presented indicating that this reversal is caused by an unidentified protective substance in sludge also concentrated through dewatering. Finally, it was shown that the effects of raw sludge on heat inactivation of poliovirus and reovirus are greatly reduced by composting, a result that correlated with the degradation of detergents.
测定了水分含量对废水污泥中肠道病毒热灭活速率的影响。先前观察到的生污泥对脊髓灰质炎病毒的保护作用（R.L.沃德、C.S.阿什利和R.H.莫斯利，《应用与环境微生物学》32:339 - 346，1976年）在通过蒸发脱水的污泥中被发现大大增强。其他肠道病毒也有类似反应。这种效应似乎不仅仅是由于污泥样品的干燥状态，因为在缺乏腐殖质的土壤（一种相对惰性的物质）中，通过脱水，脊髓灰质炎病毒的热灭活速率没有显著改变。相反，这种效应似乎是由污泥中的保护物质如洗涤剂引起的，这些物质通过脱水而浓缩。如先前报道（R.L.沃德和C.S.阿什利，《应用与环境微生物学》34:681 - 688，1977年；R.L.沃德和C.S.阿什利，《应用与环境微生物学》36:889 - 897，1978年），生污泥对呼肠孤病毒没有保护作用，相反，污泥中的离子型洗涤剂会加速这种病毒的热灭活速率。然而，发现污泥脱水会部分逆转这种杀病毒作用。有证据表明这种逆转是由污泥中一种同样通过脱水而浓缩的未知保护物质引起的。最后，研究表明堆肥会大大降低生污泥对脊髓灰质炎病毒和呼肠孤病毒热灭活的影响，这一结果与洗涤剂的降解相关。
