Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Aug 1;409(17):3144-57. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.042. Epub 2011 Jun 1.
In this paper, the chemical characterization of PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ mass concentrations emitted by heterogeneous traffic in Chennai city during monsoon, winter and summer seasons were analysed. The 24-h averages of PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ mass concentrations, showed higher concentrations during the winter season (PM₁₀=98 μg/m³; PM₂.₅=74 μg/m³) followed by the monsoon (PM₁₀=87 μg/m³; PM₂.₅=56 μg/m³) and summer (PM₁₀=77 μg/m³; PM₂.₅=67 μg/m³) seasons. The assessment of 24-h average PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ concentrations was indicated as violation of the world health organization (WHO standard for PM₁₀=50 μg/m³ and PM₂.₅=25 μg/m³) and Indian national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS for PM₁₀=100 μg/m³ and PM₂.₅=60 μg/m³). The chemicals characterization of PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ samples (22 samples) for each season were made for water soluble ions using Ion Chromatography (IC) and trace metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) instrument. Results showed the dominance of crustal elements (Ca, Mg, Al, Fe and K), followed by marine aerosols (Na and K) and trace elements (Zn, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr and Te) emitted from road traffic in both PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ mass. The ionic species concentration in PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ mass consists of 47-65% of anions and 35-53% of cations with dominance of SO₄²⁻ ions. Comparison of the metallic and ionic species in PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ mass indicated the contributions from sea and crustal soil emissions to the coarse particles and traffic emissions to fine particles.
本文分析了钦奈市不同季节（季风季、冬季和夏季）非均相交通排放的 PM₁₀ 和 PM₂.₅ 质量浓度的化学特征。24 小时平均 PM₁₀ 和 PM₂.₅ 质量浓度显示冬季浓度较高（PM₁₀=98μg/m³；PM₂.₅=74μg/m³），其次是季风季（PM₁₀=87μg/m³；PM₂.₅=56μg/m³）和夏季（PM₁₀=77μg/m³；PM₂.₅=67μg/m³）。24 小时平均 PM₁₀ 和 PM₂.₅ 浓度的评估表明，其违反了世界卫生组织（PM₁₀=50μg/m³和 PM₂.₅=25μg/m³的标准）和印度国家环境空气质量标准（PM₁₀=100μg/m³和 PM₂.₅=60μg/m³的标准）。对每个季节的 22 个 PM₁₀ 和 PM₂.₅ 样本（共 22 个样本）进行了水溶性离子的化学特性分析，采用离子色谱法（IC），痕量金属采用电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱法（ICP-OES）。结果表明，在 PM₁₀ 和 PM₂.₅ 质量中，主要是地壳元素（Ca、Mg、Al、Fe 和 K），其次是海洋气溶胶（Na 和 K）和痕量元素（Zn、Ba、Be、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Se、Sr 和 Te），这些元素来自道路交通排放。PM₁₀ 和 PM₂.₅ 质量中的离子种类浓度由 47-65%的阴离子和 35-53%的阳离子组成，其中 SO₄²⁻ 离子占主导地位。PM₁₀ 和 PM₂.₅ 质量中金属和离子种类的比较表明，海洋和地壳土壤排放对粗颗粒的贡献，以及交通排放对细颗粒的贡献。
