Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Soil and Environmental Bioremediation Center, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Rd, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2012 Apr;184(4):2205-17. doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-2110-y. Epub 2011 Jun 2.
The occurrence and dissipation of 14 selected antibiotics comprising tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and chloramphenicols were investigated in two swine wastewater treatment systems in east China in three sampling surveys. The compounds were extracted from wastewater samples by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The aqueous samples were unavoidably contaminated with antibiotics and the target antibiotics present in high contaminations were tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, and sulfadiazine, with maximum concentrations of the individual contaminants reaching 41.6 × 10(3), 23.8 × 10(3), 13.7 × 10(3), 685.6 × 10(3), and 98.8 × 10(3) ng/l, respectively. The concentration ranges of these compounds were in the same order of magnitude as previously reported values in China and elsewhere. Biological activity can significantly degrade the contaminants but showed low efficiencies of dissipation of other analytes at lower levels of contamination. The removal efficiencies varied for different compounds and depended on their physiochemical properties and the treatment processes utilized at each waste treatment plant. Some target antibiotics were present in feeds obtained from swine farms at a range of average concentrations between 0.1 and 46.8 μg/kg. However, the extremely high levels of the main contaminants found in these wastewaters cannot be ascribed solely to the pattern of consumption of prescription feeds.
在中国东部的两个猪场废水处理系统中进行了三次采样调查，研究了包括四环素类、磺胺类、大环内酯类、氟喹诺酮类和氯霉素类在内的 14 种选定抗生素的出现和消解情况。采用固相萃取法从废水样品中提取化合物，并通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行分析。水样不可避免地受到抗生素污染，存在高浓度的目标抗生素为四环素、土霉素、金霉素、强力霉素和磺胺嘧啶，单个污染物的最大浓度分别达到 41.6×10(3)、23.8×10(3)、13.7×10(3)、685.6×10(3)和 98.8×10(3)ng/L。这些化合物的浓度范围与中国和其他地区以前报道的值处于同一数量级。生物活性可以显著降解污染物，但在较低污染水平下对其他分析物的消解效率较低。去除效率因不同化合物而异，取决于它们的物理化学性质和每个废水处理厂使用的处理工艺。从猪场获得的饲料中存在一些目标抗生素，平均浓度在 0.1 至 46.8μg/kg 之间。然而，这些废水中主要污染物的极高水平不能仅仅归因于处方饲料的消费模式。
