Center for Tobacco Control Research & Education, UCSF, 530 Parnassus Avenue, Box 1390, San Francisco, California 94143-1390, USA.
Tob Control. 2012 Jul;21(4):e1. doi: 10.1136/tc.2010.041657. Epub 2011 Jun 2.
To analyse the models Philip Morris (PM) and British American Tobacco (BAT) used internally to understand tobacco control non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and their relationship to the global tobacco control policy-making process that resulted in the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC).
Analysis of internal tobacco industry documents in the Legacy Tobacco Document Library.
PM contracted with Mongoven, Biscoe, and Duchin, Inc. (MBD, a consulting firm specialising in NGO surveillance) as advisors. MBD argued that because NGOs are increasingly linked to epistemic communities, NGOs could insert themselves into the global policy-making process and influence the discourse surrounding the treaty-making process. MBD advised PM to insert itself into the policy-making process, mimicking NGO behaviour. BAT's Consumer and Regulatory Affairs (CORA) department argued that global regulation emerged from the perception (by NGOs and governments) that the industry could not regulate itself, leading to BAT advocating social alignment and self-regulation to minimise the impact of the FCTC. Most efforts to block or redirect the FCTC failed.
PM and BAT articulated a global policy-making environment in which NGOs are key, non-state stakeholders, and as a result, internationalised some of their previous national-level strategies. After both companies failed to prevent the FCTC, their strategies began to align. Multinational corporations have continued to successfully employ some of the strategies outlined in this paper at the local and national level while being formally excluded from ongoing FCTC negotiations at the global level.
分析菲利普莫里斯公司（PM）和英美烟草公司（BAT）内部使用的模型，以了解烟草控制非政府组织（NGO）及其与导致《烟草控制框架公约》（FCTC）的全球烟草控制政策制定过程的关系。
分析遗产烟草文献库中的内部烟草行业文件。
PM 与 Mongoven、Biscoe 和 Duchin，Inc.（MBD，一家专门从事 NGO 监测的咨询公司）签订合同作为顾问。MBD 认为，由于非政府组织越来越与知识共同体联系在一起，非政府组织可以将自己插入全球决策过程，并影响围绕条约制定过程的论述。MBD 建议 PM 模仿 NGO 的行为，将自己插入决策过程。BAT 的消费者和监管事务（CORA）部门认为，全球监管是由于（非政府组织和政府）认为该行业无法自我监管的看法而出现的，这导致 BAT 倡导社会协调和自我监管，以最大程度地减少 FCTC 的影响。阻止或改变 FCTC 的大多数努力都失败了。
PM 和 BAT 阐述了一个全球决策环境，在这个环境中，非政府组织是关键的、非国家利益相关者，因此，他们将一些以前的国家层面的战略国际化了。在这两家公司都未能阻止 FCTC 之后，他们的战略开始趋同。跨国公司继续在地方和国家层面成功地采用本文中概述的一些策略，同时被正式排除在全球层面正在进行的 FCTC 谈判之外。
