The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
Neuroimage. 2011 Aug 1;57(3):839-55. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.055. Epub 2011 May 27.
Diverse structural and functional brain alterations have been identified in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but with variable replicability, significant overlap and often in limited number of subjects. In this paper, we aimed to clarify differences between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia by combining fMRI (collected during an auditory oddball task) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. We proposed a fusion method, "multimodal CCA+ joint ICA", which increases flexibility in statistical assumptions beyond existing approaches and can achieve higher estimation accuracy. The data collected from 164 participants (62 healthy controls, 54 schizophrenia and 48 bipolar) were extracted into "features" (contrast maps for fMRI and fractional anisotropy (FA) for DTI) and analyzed in multiple facets to investigate the group differences for each pair-wised groups and each modality. Specifically, both patient groups shared significant dysfunction in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus, as well as reduced white matter (WM) integrity in anterior thalamic radiation and uncinate fasciculus. Schizophrenia and bipolar subjects were separated by functional differences in medial frontal and visual cortex, as well as WM tracts associated with occipital and frontal lobes. Both patients and controls showed similar spatial distributions in motor and parietal regions, but exhibited significant variations in temporal lobe. Furthermore, there were different group trends for age effects on loading parameters in motor cortex and multiple WM regions, suggesting that brain dysfunction and WM disruptions occurred in identified regions for both disorders. Most importantly, we can visualize an underlying function-structure network by evaluating the joint components with strong links between DTI and fMRI. Our findings suggest that although the two patient groups showed several distinct brain patterns from each other and healthy controls, they also shared common abnormalities in prefrontal thalamic WM integrity and in frontal brain mechanisms.
在精神分裂症和双相情感障碍中都发现了不同的结构和功能大脑改变，但可重复性、显著重叠，且通常在有限数量的受试者中。在本文中，我们旨在通过结合 fMRI（在听觉异常任务期间采集）和弥散张量成像（DTI）数据来阐明双相情感障碍和精神分裂症之间的差异。我们提出了一种融合方法，“多模态 CCA+联合 ICA”，该方法在统计假设方面比现有方法更具灵活性，并且可以实现更高的估计准确性。从 164 名参与者（62 名健康对照者、54 名精神分裂症患者和 48 名双相情感障碍患者）中提取的数据被提取为“特征”（fMRI 的对比图和 DTI 的各向异性分数 (FA)），并从多个方面进行分析，以研究每个两两组和每个模态的组间差异。具体来说，两个患者组都表现出背外侧前额叶皮层和丘脑的显著功能障碍，以及前丘脑辐射和钩束的白质（WM）完整性降低。精神分裂症和双相情感障碍患者在额内侧和视觉皮层以及与枕叶和额叶相关的 WM 束中表现出功能差异。患者和对照组在运动和顶叶区域都表现出相似的空间分布，但在颞叶表现出显著的变化。此外，在运动皮层和多个 WM 区域的加载参数上，存在不同的年龄效应组趋势，这表明两种疾病的识别区域都存在脑功能障碍和 WM 中断。最重要的是，我们可以通过评估具有 DTI 和 fMRI 之间强连接的联合分量来可视化潜在的功能-结构网络。我们的研究结果表明，尽管两个患者组彼此之间以及与健康对照组表现出了一些不同的大脑模式，但它们也在额-丘脑 WM 完整性和额脑机制方面存在共同的异常。
