Research Center for Sport, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Aug;25(8):2316-21. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181f159d6.
The purpose of this study was to determine if different throwing programs based upon velocity (throwing with a regular sized soccer ball), resistance (throwing with heavy medicine ball), or a combination of both with the same workload would enhance 2-handed overhead throwing velocity with different ball weights. Sixty-eight high-school students (16.5 ± 1.8 years, 57.8 ± 12 kg, 164 ± 9 cm), divided into 3 groups, participated in the study. The training programs were matched on total workload, which resulted in the velocity-training group performing 6 series of 14 reps per session with soccer balls, whereas the resistance-training group performed 3 series of 6 throws with a 3-kg medicine ball, and the combination-training group threw 9 times with a 3-kg medicine ball and 3 series of 14 reps with a soccer ball per session. Throwing velocity with a soccer ball, a 1- and 3-kg medicine ball was tested before and after a training period of 6 weeks with 2 sessions per week. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in throwing velocity was found after the 6-week training period with the soccer ball (6.9%) and the 1-kg medicine ball (2.8%), but not with the 3-kg medicine ball (-2.5%). In contrast, no group interaction was found with the different balls indicating that velocity, resistance, or a combination as a form of training increased the throwing velocity. Different types of training with the same total workload can increase the throwing velocity in a similar way, which shows that workload is of importance in designing training programs and comparing training with each other. Therefore, those that train high-school soccer players could implement any one of these 3 6-week programs to increase 2-handed overhead soccer throw-in velocity. This could allow the throw-in to be harder or potentially thrown farther if the right trajectory is used.
本研究旨在确定基于速度（使用标准大小的足球）、阻力（使用重质药球）或两者结合的不同投掷方案，在相同工作量的情况下，是否会提高不同球重的双手过顶投掷速度。68 名高中生（16.5±1.8 岁，57.8±12 公斤，164±9 厘米）分为 3 组参与了研究。训练方案在总工作量上相匹配，这使得速度训练组在每节训练中进行 6 组，每组 14 次，使用足球；而阻力训练组进行 3 组，每组 6 次，使用 3 公斤的药球；组合训练组在每节训练中使用 3 公斤的药球投掷 9 次，然后进行 3 组，每组 14 次，使用足球。在 6 周的训练期内，每周进行 2 次训练，在训练前后测试了使用足球、1 公斤和 3 公斤药球的投掷速度。在 6 周的训练期后，使用足球（6.9%）和 1 公斤药球（2.8%）的投掷速度显著提高（p≤0.05），但使用 3 公斤药球的投掷速度没有提高（-2.5%）。相比之下，不同球之间没有发现组间相互作用，这表明速度、阻力或两者结合作为一种训练形式可以提高投掷速度。相同总工作量的不同类型的训练可以以相似的方式提高投掷速度，这表明工作量在设计训练计划和相互比较训练方面很重要。因此，那些训练高中足球运动员的人可以实施这 3 个为期 6 周的方案中的任何一个，以提高双手过顶足球掷球速度。如果使用正确的轨迹，这可能会使掷球更难或潜在地掷得更远。
