Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Harrington-McLaughlin Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011 Jul;31(7):1476-84. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.228999.
A complex and diverse vascular system is requisite for the survival of higher organisms. The process of vascular development is highly regulated, involving the de novo formation of vessels (vasculogenesis), followed by expansion and remodeling of the primitive vasculature (angiogenesis), culminating in differentiation of endothelial phenotypes, as found in the mature vascular system. Over the last decade, significant advances have been made in understanding the molecular regulation of endothelial cell development and differentiation. Endothelial development, in particular the mechanisms in play during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, is discussed in a sister review to this article. This review highlights the key pathways governing in endothelial differentiation, with a focus on the major molecular mechanisms of endothelial specification and heterogeneity.
一个复杂多样的血管系统是高等生物生存所必需的。血管发育的过程受到高度调控，包括新血管的形成（血管发生），随后原始血管系统的扩张和重塑（血管生成），最终导致成熟血管系统中发现的内皮表型的分化。在过去的十年中，人们在理解内皮细胞发育和分化的分子调控方面取得了重大进展。内皮细胞的发育，特别是血管发生和血管生成过程中的机制，在本文的姊妹篇中进行了讨论。这篇综述强调了控制内皮细胞分化的关键途径，重点介绍了内皮细胞特化和异质性的主要分子机制。
