Centre National de la Recherce Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, École Nationale de Formation Agronomique (ENFA), Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
Nat Rev Genet. 2011 Jun 17;12(7):475-86. doi: 10.1038/nrg3028.
Many biologists are calling for an 'extended evolutionary synthesis' that would 'modernize the modern synthesis' of evolution. Biological information is typically considered as being transmitted across generations by the DNA sequence alone, but accumulating evidence indicates that both genetic and non-genetic inheritance, and the interactions between them, have important effects on evolutionary outcomes. We review the evidence for such effects of epigenetic, ecological and cultural inheritance and parental effects, and outline methods that quantify the relative contributions of genetic and non-genetic heritability to the transmission of phenotypic variation across generations. These issues have implications for diverse areas, from the question of missing heritability in human complex-trait genetics to the basis of major evolutionary transitions.
许多生物学家呼吁进行“扩展进化综合”，以“使进化的现代综合现代化”。生物信息通常被认为仅通过 DNA 序列在代际间传递，但越来越多的证据表明，遗传和非遗传的继承以及它们之间的相互作用，对进化结果有重要影响。我们回顾了关于表观遗传、生态和文化继承以及亲本效应等影响的证据，并概述了量化遗传和非遗传遗传率对跨代表型变异传递相对贡献的方法。这些问题涉及从人类复杂特征遗传学中缺失遗传率的问题到主要进化转变的基础等各个领域。
