Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2011 Nov;15(4):352-66. doi: 10.1177/1088868311411165. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
The notion that self-control entails effortful inhibition of impulses dominates prevailing psychological models of self-control. This article describes some of the conceptual and empirical limitations of defining self-control as the effortful inhibition of impulses. The present article instead advocates for a dual-motive conceptualization, which describes self-control as the process of advancing distal rather than proximal motivations when the two compete. Effortful impulse inhibition in this model represents only one of many means by which people promote their self-control efforts. Adopting a dual-motive approach offers new insight and proposes several new research directions. This article discusses these implications and calls for psychologists to reconsider the way self-control is currently understood.
自我控制需要努力抑制冲动的观点主导着流行的自我控制心理学模型。本文描述了将自我控制定义为努力抑制冲动的概念和经验上的一些局限性。本文转而提倡双重动机的概念化，即当两个动机竞争时，将自我控制描述为推进远程而不是近端动机的过程。在这个模型中，努力抑制冲动只是人们促进自我控制努力的众多手段之一。采用双重动机方法提供了新的见解，并提出了几个新的研究方向。本文讨论了这些影响，并呼吁心理学家重新考虑当前对自我控制的理解方式。
