Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, and NSERM CIC9023 and UMR 825 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France.
Parkinsons Dis. 2011;2011:473579. doi: 10.4061/2011/473579. Epub 2011 May 24.
Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) like neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep disturbances or autonomic symptoms are a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). To explore the existence of groups of NMS and to relate them to PD characteristics, 71 idiopathic non-demented PD out-patients were recruited. Sleep was evaluated by the PD Sleep Scale (PDSS). Several neuropsychiatric, gastrointestinal and urogenital symptoms were obtained from the NMSQuest. Sialorrhea or dysphagia severity was obtained from the Unified PD Rating Scale activities of daily living section. MADRS depression scale was also administered. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the presence of 5 factors, explaining 70% of variance. The first factor included PDSS measurement of sleep quality, nocturnal restlessness, off-related problems and daytime somnolence; the second factor included nocturia (PDSS) and nocturnal activity; the third one included gastrointestinal and genitourinary symptoms; the forth one included nocturnal psychosis (PDSS), sialorrhea and dysphagia (UPDRS); and the last one included the MADRS score as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms. Sleep disorders correlated with presence of wearing-off, nocturia with age >69 years, and nocturnal psychosis with levodopa equivalent dose or UPDRS II score. Neuropsychiatric symptoms correlated with UPDRS II+III score and non-tricyclic antidepressants. These results support the occurrence of significant NMS grouping in PD patients.
非运动症状（NMS），如神经精神症状、睡眠障碍或自主神经症状，是帕金森病（PD）的常见特征。为了探讨 NMS 组的存在，并将其与 PD 特征相关联，我们招募了 71 名特发性非痴呆 PD 门诊患者。使用 PD 睡眠量表（PDSS）评估睡眠。从 NMSQuest 中获得了几种神经精神、胃肠道和泌尿生殖系统症状。通过统一 PD 评定量表日常生活活动部分获得流涎或吞咽困难的严重程度。还进行了 MADRS 抑郁量表评估。探索性因素分析显示存在 5 个因子，解释了 70%的方差。第一个因子包括 PDSS 测量的睡眠质量、夜间不安、与关断相关的问题和白天嗜睡；第二个因子包括夜尿症（PDSS）和夜间活动；第三个因子包括胃肠道和泌尿生殖系统症状；第四个因子包括夜间精神病（PDSS）、流涎和吞咽困难（UPDRS）；最后一个因子包括 MADRS 评分以及神经精神症状。睡眠障碍与出现关断现象有关，夜尿症与年龄>69 岁有关，夜间精神病与左旋多巴等效剂量或 UPDRS II 评分有关。神经精神症状与 UPDRS II+III 评分和非三环类抗抑郁药有关。这些结果支持 PD 患者存在显著的 NMS 分组。
