Willoughby R E, Yolken R H, Schnaar R L
Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
J Virol. 1990 Oct;64(10):4830-5. doi: 10.1128/JVI.64.10.4830-4835.1990.
Rotaviruses are the major etiologic agents of severe diarrhea in children. Many rotaviruses encode a hemagglutinin which binds to sialic acids. We report that rotaviruses specifically recognize the neutral glycosphingolipid gangliotetraosylceramide (asialo-GM1 or GA1). GA1 resolved by thin-layer chromatography is bound by rotavirus, and binding is blocked by neutralizing rotavirus antiserum. Similar glycosphingolipid structures, such as globoside, gangliotriaosylceramide, and GA1 oxidized with galactose oxidase are ineffective in binding rotavirus. Other enteric viruses also specifically bind GA1. GA1 adsorbed to polystyrene beads inhibits rotavirus replication in vitro (as do anti-GA1 antibodies). The use of orally administered immobilized GA1 or anti-GA1 antibodies may prove useful in preventing or attenuating rotaviral and other enteric viral infections.
轮状病毒是引起儿童严重腹泻的主要病原体。许多轮状病毒编码一种能与唾液酸结合的血凝素。我们报告轮状病毒能特异性识别中性糖鞘脂神经节四糖神经酰胺（脱唾液酸GM1或GA1）。通过薄层色谱法分离的GA1能与轮状病毒结合，且这种结合可被中和性轮状病毒抗血清阻断。类似的糖鞘脂结构，如红细胞糖苷脂、神经节三糖神经酰胺以及用半乳糖氧化酶氧化的GA1，都不能有效地与轮状病毒结合。其他肠道病毒也能特异性结合GA1。吸附到聚苯乙烯珠上的GA1在体外可抑制轮状病毒复制（抗GA1抗体也有同样作用）。口服固定化GA1或抗GA1抗体可能对预防或减轻轮状病毒及其他肠道病毒感染有用。
