Burbos Nikolaos, Morris Edward P
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.
BMJ Clin Evid. 2011 Jun 15;2011:0804.
Menopause is a physiological event. In the UK, the median age for onset of menopausal symptoms is 45.5 to 47.5 years. Although endocrine changes are permanent, menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes, which are experienced by about 70% of women, usually resolve with time, although they can persist for decades in some women.
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of medical treatments for menopausal symptoms? What are the effects of non-prescribed treatments for menopausal symptoms? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to June 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
We found 79 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: agnus castus, antidepressants, black cohosh, clonidine, oestrogens, phyto-oestrogens, progestogens, testosterone, and tibolone.
绝经是一种生理现象。在英国，出现绝经症状的中位年龄为45.5至47.5岁。尽管内分泌变化是永久性的，但约70%的女性会经历潮热等绝经症状，这些症状通常会随时间缓解，不过在一些女性中可能会持续数十年。
我们进行了一项系统评价，旨在回答以下临床问题：治疗绝经症状的医学疗法有哪些效果？治疗绝经症状的非处方疗法有哪些效果？我们检索了：截至2010年6月的医学期刊数据库（Medline）、荷兰医学文摘数据库（Embase）、考克兰图书馆以及其他重要数据库（《临床证据》综述会定期更新；请查看我们的网站获取本综述的最新版本）。我们纳入了来自美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）和英国药品与保健品监管局（MHRA）等相关组织的危害警示。
我们找到了79项符合我们纳入标准的系统评价、随机对照试验或观察性研究。我们对干预措施证据的质量进行了GRADE评估。
在这项系统评价中，我们提供了以下干预措施有效性和安全性的相关信息：贞节树、抗抑郁药、黑升麻、可乐定、雌激素、植物雌激素、孕激素、睾酮和替勃龙。
