Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsMRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK.
Cogn Sci. 2006 Nov 12;30(6):1113-26. doi: 10.1207/s15516709cog0000_79.
A perceptual learning experiment provides evidence that the mental lexicon cannot consist solely of detailed acoustic traces of recognition episodes. In a training lexical decision phase, listeners heard an ambiguous [f-s] fricative sound, replacing either [f] or [s] in words. In a test phase, listeners then made lexical decisions to visual targets following auditory primes. Critical materials were minimal pairs that could be a word with either [f] or [s] (cf. English knife-nice), none of which had been heard in training. Listeners interpreted the minimal pair words differently in the second phase according to the training received in the first phase. Therefore, lexically mediated retuning of phoneme perception not only influences categorical decisions about fricatives (Norris, McQueen, & Cutler, 2003), but also benefits recognition of words outside the training set. The observed generalization across words suggests that this retuning occurs prelexically. Therefore, lexical processing involves sublexical phonological abstraction, not only accumulation of acoustic episodes.
一项感知学习实验提供了证据，证明心理词汇不能仅仅由识别事件的详细声学痕迹组成。在训练词汇判断阶段，听众听到一个模糊的[f-s]摩擦音，在单词中代替[f]或[s]。在测试阶段，听众随后根据听觉提示对视觉目标做出词汇判断。关键材料是最小对立体，可以是一个有[f]或[s]的单词（如英语 knife-nice），在训练中都没有听到过。根据第一阶段的训练，听众在第二阶段对最小对立体单词的解释不同。因此，音位感知的词汇中介重新调整不仅影响对摩擦音的类别决策（Norris、McQueen 和 Cutler，2003），而且有利于识别训练集之外的单词。这种跨单词的观察到的泛化表明这种重新调整发生在词汇之前。因此，词汇处理涉及亚词汇的语音抽象，而不仅仅是声学事件的积累。
