Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática (CONECO), Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Italia, km 8-Carreiros, C.P. 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil.
Ecotoxicology. 2011 Nov;20(8):1870-80. doi: 10.1007/s10646-011-0725-y. Epub 2011 Jun 28.
In the present study, embryotoxicity experiments using the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus were carried out to better clarify the ecotoxicological effects of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) (the recently banned antifouling agents), and Irgarol and Diuron (two of the new commonly used booster biocides). Organisms were individually examined to evaluate the intensity and type of effects on embryo-larval development, this procedure has not been commonly used, however it showed to be a potentially suitable approach for toxicity assessment. NOEC and LOEC were similar for compounds of same chemical class, and IC10 values were very close and showed overlapping of confidence intervals between TBT and TPT, and between Diuron and Irgarol. In addition, IC10 were similar to NOEC values. Regardless of this, the observed effects were different. Embryo development was interrupted at the gastrula and blastula stages at 1.25 and 2.5 μg l(-1) of TBT, respectively, whereas pluteus stage was reached with the corresponding concentrations of TPT. Furthermore, embryos reached the prism and morula stages at 5 μg l(-1) of TPT and TBT, respectively. The effects induced by Irgarol were also more pronounced than those caused by Diuron. Pluteus stage was always reached at any tested Diuron concentration, while embryogenesis was interrupted at blastula/gastrula stages at the highest concentrations of Irgarol. Therefore, this study proposes a complementary approach for interpreting embryo-larval responses that may be employed together with the traditional way of analysis. Consequently, this application leads to a more powerful ecotoxicological assessment tool focused on embryotoxicity.
在本研究中，使用海胆 Lytechinus variegatus 进行了胚胎毒性实验，以更好地阐明三丁基锡（TBT）和三苯基锡（TPT）（最近被禁止的防污剂）以及 Irgarol 和 Diuron（两种新的常用增效生物杀灭剂）的生态毒理学效应。单独检查生物体以评估对胚胎-幼虫发育的强度和类型的影响，这种方法尚未被广泛使用，但它显示出是一种潜在的适合毒性评估的方法。对于同一种化学类别的化合物，NOEC 和 LOEC 相似，IC10 值非常接近，并且 TBT 和 TPT 之间以及 Diuron 和 Irgarol 之间的置信区间存在重叠。此外，IC10 值与 NOEC 值相似。尽管如此，观察到的影响是不同的。胚胎发育分别在 TBT 的 1.25 和 2.5 μg l(-1)时在原肠胚和囊胚阶段中断，而相应浓度的 TPT 则达到了幼体阶段。此外，胚胎分别在 5 μg l(-1)的 TPT 和 TBT 达到了棱柱体和桑椹胚阶段。Irgarol 引起的影响也比 Diuron 引起的更为明显。在任何测试的 Diuron 浓度下，幼体阶段总是达到，而在 Irgarol 的最高浓度下，胚胎发生在囊胚/原肠胚阶段中断。因此，本研究提出了一种补充解释胚胎-幼虫反应的方法，可与传统的分析方法一起使用。因此，这种应用导致了一种更强大的生态毒理学评估工具，重点是胚胎毒性。
