高强度抗阻运动对韩国精英健体运动员高蛋白饮食的代谢反应。
Metabolic responses to high protein diet in Korean elite bodybuilders with high-intensity resistance exercise.
机构信息
Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medicine Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, 130-701, Seoul, Korea.
出版信息
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2011 Jul 4;8:10. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-8-10.
BACKGROUND
High protein diet has been known to cause metabolic acidosis, which is manifested by increased urinary excretion of nitrogen and calcium. Bodybuilders habitually consumed excessive dietary protein over the amounts recommended for them to promote muscle mass accretion. This study investigated the metabolic response to high protein consumption in the elite bodybuilders.
METHODS
Eight elite Korean bodybuilders within the age from 18 to 25, mean age 21.5 ± 2.6. For data collection, anthropometry, blood and urinary analysis, and dietary assessment were conducted.
RESULTS
They consumed large amounts of protein (4.3 ± 1.2 g/kg BW/day) and calories (5,621.7 ± 1,354.7 kcal/day), as well as more than the recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals, including potassium and calcium. Serum creatinine (1.3 ± 0.1 mg/dl) and potassium (5.9 ± 0.8 mmol/L), and urinary urea nitrogen (24.7 ± 9.5 mg/dl) and creatinine (2.3 ± 0.7 mg/dl) were observed to be higher than the normal reference ranges. Urinary calcium (0.3 ± 0.1 mg/dl), and phosphorus (1.3 ± 0.4 mg/dl) were on the border of upper limit of the reference range and the urine pH was in normal range.
CONCLUSIONS
Increased urinary excretion of urea nitrogen and creatinine might be due to the high rates of protein metabolism that follow high protein intake and muscle turnover. The obvious evidence of metabolic acidosis in response to high protein diet in the subjects with high potassium intake and intensive resistance exercise were not shown in this study results. However, this study implied that resistance exercise with adequate mineral supplementation, such as potassium and calcium, could reduce or offset the negative effects of protein-generated metabolic changes. This study provides preliminary information of metabolic response to high protein intake in bodybuilders who engaged in high-intensity resistance exercise. Further studies will be needed to determine the effects of the intensity of exercise and the level of mineral intakes, especially potassium and calcium, which have a role to maintain acid-base homeostasis, on protein metabolism in large population of bodybuilders.
背景
高蛋白饮食已知会导致代谢性酸中毒，其表现为氮和钙的尿排泄增加。健美运动员习惯性地摄入超过建议量的饮食蛋白，以促进肌肉质量增加。本研究调查了高蛋白摄入对精英健美运动员的代谢反应。
方法
8 名年龄在 18 至 25 岁之间的韩国精英健美运动员，平均年龄 21.5 ± 2.6 岁。为了收集数据，进行了人体测量学、血液和尿液分析以及饮食评估。
结果
他们摄入了大量的蛋白质（4.3 ± 1.2 g/kg BW/day）和热量（5621.7 ± 1354.7 kcal/day），以及超过推荐量的维生素和矿物质，包括钾和钙。血清肌酐（1.3 ± 0.1 mg/dl）和钾（5.9 ± 0.8 mmol/L）以及尿尿素氮（24.7 ± 9.5 mg/dl）和肌酐（2.3 ± 0.7 mg/dl）均高于正常参考范围。尿钙（0.3 ± 0.1 mg/dl）和磷（1.3 ± 0.4 mg/dl）处于参考范围上限的边缘，尿 pH 值处于正常范围。
结论
尿中尿素氮和肌酐排泄增加可能是由于高蛋白摄入和肌肉更新导致的蛋白质代谢率升高。在本研究中，高钾摄入和剧烈抗阻运动的受试者并未出现明显的代谢性酸中毒证据。然而，本研究表明，在进行抗阻运动时，如摄入足够的矿物质补充剂，如钾和钙，可以减少或抵消蛋白质代谢变化的负面影响。本研究提供了高强度抗阻运动的健美运动员高蛋白摄入代谢反应的初步信息。需要进一步的研究来确定运动强度和矿物质摄入水平，特别是钾和钙，对大量健美运动员蛋白质代谢的影响，因为它们在维持酸碱平衡方面发挥作用。
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