Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Soeborg, Denmark.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jul;65 Suppl 1:S77-83. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.90.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the estimated energy, nutrient and food intake from the suggested trans-European methodology for undertaking representative dietary surveys among schoolchildren: 2 × 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDRs) combined with a food-recording booklet (FRB), using EPIC-Soft pc-program (the software developed to conduct 24-HDRs in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study), against a 7-day food-record (7-dFR) method among Danish schoolchildren.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 74 children aged 7-8 years and 70 children aged 12-13 years were recruited through the Civil Registration System in Denmark. Each child and one of their parents completed two face-to-face 24-HDRs, combined with optional use of a FRB, followed by a 7-day-estimated FR.
Energy intake was significantly higher with the 24-HDR method than with the 7-dFR method for both age groups. Mean energy intake was 6% higher for the youngest (P = 0.02) and 11% for the oldest children (P = 0.01); underreporting of energy occurs among the oldest children, being less present with the 24-HDR method. The intakes of carbohydrate and dietary fiber (absolute and related to energy) were significantly higher with the 24-HDR than with the 7-dFR for both age groups (P < 0.001). No significant differences between the two methods were observed for absolute intake of fat and added sugar between both age groups, and for intake of protein among the 7- to 8-year olds. The percentage of energy intake from fat from the 24-HDR, however, was significantly lower for both age groups and for energy intake from added sugar for the 12- to 13-year olds.
The 2 × 24-HDR method compared with the 7-dFR yields relatively good values on the group level for many macronutrients and foods. However, some differences in estimated intakes of macronutrients suggest the need to carefully adapt the tools to be age and country specific. There is a tendency for parents and schoolchildren to report a healthier diet with the 24-HDR than with the FRs; this results in some concern about the method and has to be studied further.
背景/目的：本研究旨在评估建议的跨欧方法（2×24 小时膳食回忆（24-HDR）与食物记录手册（FRB）相结合，使用 EPIC-Soft pc 程序（为欧洲前瞻性癌症与营养研究（EPIC）进行 24-HDR 而开发的软件），与丹麦学龄儿童的 7 天食物记录（7-dFR）方法相比，从能量、营养素和食物摄入方面评估代表性膳食调查。
受试者/方法：通过丹麦民事登记系统共招募了 74 名 7-8 岁儿童和 70 名 12-13 岁儿童。每个儿童及其父母中的一人完成了两次面对面的 24-HDR，可选择使用 FRB，随后是 7 天的估计 FR。
对于两个年龄组，24-HDR 方法的能量摄入量均显著高于 7-dFR 方法。最年轻组的平均能量摄入量高出 6%（P=0.02），最年长组的平均能量摄入量高出 11%（P=0.01）；最年长组的儿童存在能量低估现象，24-HDR 方法的能量低估现象较少。对于两个年龄组，24-HDR 法的碳水化合物和膳食纤维（绝对和与能量相关）摄入量均显著高于 7-dFR 法（P＜0.001）。对于两个年龄组的绝对脂肪和添加糖摄入量，以及 7-8 岁儿童的蛋白质摄入量，两种方法之间没有显著差异。然而，对于两个年龄组，24-HDR 的脂肪摄入量占能量的百分比和 12-13 岁儿童的添加糖摄入量占能量的百分比均显著降低。
与 7-dFR 相比，2×24-HDR 方法在群体水平上对于许多宏量营养素和食物具有相对较好的数值。然而，一些宏量营养素的估计摄入量差异表明，需要根据年龄和国家具体情况，仔细调整工具。父母和儿童在使用 24-HDR 时，与 FR 相比，更倾向于报告更健康的饮食，这引起了对方法的一些关注，需要进一步研究。
