Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jul;65 Suppl 1:S58-64. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.88.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The main objective of European Food Consumption Validation (EFCOVAL)-child Project is to define and evaluate a trans-European methodology for undertaking national representative dietary surveys among children in the age group of 4-14 years. In the process of identifying the best dietary assessment methodologies, experts were brought together at a workshop. The paper presents the discussion of the best available method and the final recommendations for a trans-European dietary assessment method among 4- to 14-year-old children.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: The starting point was to investigate whether the method (two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDRs)) suggested for the adults in European Food Consumption Survey Method (EFCOSUM) would be usable for children in the age group between 4 and 14 years. However, all available dietary assessment methods were included in the discussion to ensure that the final recommendation would be based on the best evidence. Six criteria were defined and used as additional guidance in the process.
The literature does not give a clear recommendation on the dietary assessment methods that are most suitable for children in the age group of 4-14 years. Nevertheless, on the basis of the literature, the recommendations were separated for preschoolers (4-6 years) and schoolchildren (7-14 years).
For preschoolers, two non-consecutive days of a structured food record are recommended, using a (for children adapted) picture booklet and household measures for portion-size estimation. For schoolchildren, repeated 24-HDRs are recommended, using a picture booklet and household measures for portion-size estimation. In addition, the child should bring a booklet to register what is eaten out of home. One parent should assist the schoolchild at the 24-HDR interview, and therefore face-to-face interviews are required.
背景/目的：欧洲食品消费验证（EFCOVAL-儿童）项目的主要目标是定义和评估一种用于在 4-14 岁儿童中开展具有代表性的全国饮食调查的泛欧方法。在确定最佳饮食评估方法的过程中，专家们在一次研讨会上聚集在一起。本文介绍了对最佳现有方法的讨论，并最终为 4-14 岁儿童提出了泛欧饮食评估方法的建议。
研究对象/方法：出发点是研究欧洲食品消费调查方法（EFCOSUM）中建议的成人使用的方法（两次非连续 24 小时膳食回忆（24-HDR））是否可用于 4-14 岁儿童。然而，所有可用的饮食评估方法都包括在讨论中，以确保最终建议基于最佳证据。定义了六个标准，并在该过程中用作额外的指导。
文献中没有明确推荐最适合 4-14 岁儿童的饮食评估方法。尽管如此，根据文献，建议针对学龄前儿童（4-6 岁）和学龄儿童（7-14 岁）进行区分。
对于学龄前儿童，建议使用非连续两天的结构化食物记录，使用（为儿童改编的）图片小册子和家庭测量法来估计份量。对于学龄儿童，建议使用重复的 24-HDR，使用图片小册子和家庭测量法来估计份量。此外，儿童应带一本小册子来记录在家外吃的食物。一位家长应在 24-HDR 访谈中协助学龄儿童，因此需要面对面访谈。
