Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Oct;119(10):1396-402. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1103582. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
Limited animal, in vitro, and human studies have reported that exposure to phthalates or bisphenol A (BPA) may affect thyroid signaling.
We explored the cross-sectional relationship between urinary concentrations of metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and BPA with a panel of serum thyroid measures among a representative sample of U.S. adults and adolescents.
We analyzed data on urinary biomarkers of exposure to phthalates and BPA, serum thyroid measures, and important covariates from 1,346 adults (ages ≥ 20 years) and 329 adolescents (ages 12-19 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008 using multivariable linear regression.
Among adults, we observed significant inverse relationships between urinary DEHP metabolites and total thyroxine (T4), free T4, total triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroglobulin, and positive relationships with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The strongest and most consistent relationships involved total T4, where adjusted regression coefficients for quintiles of oxidative DEHP metabolites displayed monotonic dose-dependent decreases in total T4 (p-value for trend < 0.0001). Suggestive inverse relationships between urinary BPA and total T4 and TSH were also observed. Conversely, among adolescents, we observed significant positive relationships between DEHP metabolites and total T3. Mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, a secondary metabolite of both DBP and di-n-octyl phthalate, was associated with several thyroid measures in both age groups, whereas other DBP metabolites were not associated with thyroid measures.
These results support previous reports of associations between phthalates-and possibly BPA--and altered thyroid hormones. More detailed studies are needed to determine the temporal relationships and potential clinical and public health implications of these associations.
有限的动物、体外和人体研究报告称，邻苯二甲酸酯或双酚 A（BPA）的暴露可能会影响甲状腺信号。
我们探讨了美国成年人和青少年代表性样本中尿液中二（2-乙基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）和 BPA 代谢产物与一系列血清甲状腺测量值之间的横断面关系。
我们使用多变量线性回归分析了来自国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）2007-2008 年的 1346 名成年人（年龄≥20 岁）和 329 名青少年（年龄 12-19 岁）的尿液暴露生物标志物、血清甲状腺测量值和重要协变量的数据。
在成年人中，我们观察到尿液 DEHP 代谢物与总甲状腺素（T4）、游离 T4、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）和甲状腺球蛋白呈显著负相关，与促甲状腺激素（TSH）呈正相关。最强和最一致的关系涉及总 T4，其中氧化 DEHP 代谢物五分位的调整回归系数显示总 T4 呈单调剂量依赖性降低（趋势检验 p 值<0.0001）。尿液 BPA 与总 T4 和 TSH 之间也观察到了提示性的负相关。相反，在青少年中，我们观察到 DEHP 代谢物与总 T3 之间存在显著的正相关。邻苯二甲酸二（3-羧基丙基）酯，DBP 和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的次要代谢物，与两个年龄组的几个甲状腺测量值相关，而其他 DBP 代谢物与甲状腺测量值无关。
这些结果支持先前关于邻苯二甲酸酯和可能的 BPA 与甲状腺激素改变之间关联的报告。需要更详细的研究来确定这些关联的时间关系和潜在的临床和公共卫生意义。
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