Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
Virulence. 2011 Jul-Aug;2(4):367-70. doi: 10.4161/viru.2.4.16138. Epub 2011 Jul 1.
In mammals, odorants are inhaled through the nose and inside the nasal cavity they trigger olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) that are located within the olfactory epithelium. OSN project their axons into glomerular structures of the olfactory bulb. There they synapse with dendrites of second-order neurons that project their axons to the olfactory cortex. Thus, olfaction is based on direct interaction of environmental matters with OSN. This poses the question of how neurotropic viruses are prevented from infecting OSN and entering the central nervous system. Recent evidence indicates that upon instillation of neurotropic virus OSN are readily infected. By axonal transport virus reaches the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb where it is efficiently curbed by a type I IFN dependent mechanism. In this review local mechanisms limiting virus entry via the olfactory system and virus spread within the CNS are recapitulated in the context of anatomical properties of the olfactory system.
在哺乳动物中，气味通过鼻子吸入，在鼻腔内，它们会触发位于嗅觉上皮内的嗅觉感觉神经元（OSN）。OSN 将它们的轴突投射到嗅球的肾小球结构中。在那里，它们与投射轴突到嗅皮层的二级神经元的树突形成突触。因此，嗅觉是基于环境物质与 OSN 的直接相互作用。这就提出了一个问题，即神经病毒是如何被阻止感染 OSN 并进入中枢神经系统的。最近的证据表明，在注入神经病毒时，OSN 很容易被感染。通过轴突运输，病毒到达嗅球的肾小球层，在那里它被一种依赖 I 型 IFN 的机制有效地抑制。在这篇综述中，我们根据嗅觉系统的解剖学特性，概括了限制病毒通过嗅觉系统进入和在中枢神经系统内传播的局部机制。
