College of Science, University of Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):762-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1205411. Epub 2011 Jul 14.
Brown rot decay removes cellulose and hemicellulose from wood--residual lignin contributing up to 30% of forest soil carbon--and is derived from an ancestral white rot saprotrophy in which both lignin and cellulose are decomposed. Comparative and functional genomics of the "dry rot" fungus Serpula lacrymans, derived from forest ancestors, demonstrated that the evolution of both ectomycorrhizal biotrophy and brown rot saprotrophy were accompanied by reductions and losses in specific protein families, suggesting adaptation to an intercellular interaction with plant tissue. Transcriptome and proteome analysis also identified differences in wood decomposition in S. lacrymans relative to the brown rot Postia placenta. Furthermore, fungal nutritional mode diversification suggests that the boreal forest biome originated via genetic coevolution of above- and below-ground biota.
褐腐会从木材中去除纤维素和半纤维素——残留的木质素占森林土壤碳的 30%——并源自于祖先的白腐腐生菌，其中木质素和纤维素都被分解。源自森林祖先的“干腐”真菌蛇皮蘑属（Serpula lacrymans）的比较和功能基因组学表明，外生菌根共生和褐腐腐生的进化伴随着特定蛋白质家族的减少和缺失，这表明其适应了与植物组织的细胞间相互作用。转录组和蛋白质组分析还表明，与褐腐菌拟层孔菌（Postia placenta）相比，蛇皮蘑属在木材分解方面存在差异。此外，真菌营养模式的多样化表明，北方森林生物群系是通过地上和地下生物群的遗传共同进化而产生的。
