Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Greenburn Road, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, UK.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2011 Aug;39(4):1073-8. doi: 10.1042/BST0391073.
The human colonic microbiota degrades dietary substrates that are indigestible in the upper GIT (gastrointestinal tract), releasing bacterial metabolites, some of which are important for gut health. Advances in molecular biology techniques have facilitated detailed analyses of the composition of the bacterial community resident in the lower GIT. Such analyses have indicated that more than 500 different bacterial species colonize an individual, and that, although there is much functional consistency in the resident bacterial groups, there is considerable inter-individual variation at the species/strain level. The bacterial community develops during early childhood until it reaches an adult-like composition. Whereas colonization and host factors influence the species composition, dietary factors also have an important impact, with specific bacterial groups changing in response to specific dietary interventions. Since bacterial species have different metabolic activities, specific diets have various consequences for health, dependent on the effect exerted on the bacterial population.
人类结肠微生物群降解在上消化道（GI）无法消化的膳食底物，释放细菌代谢物，其中一些对肠道健康很重要。分子生物学技术的进步促进了对居住在下消化道的细菌群落组成的详细分析。这些分析表明，有超过 500 种不同的细菌定植于个体中，并且尽管常驻细菌群体在功能上具有一致性，但在种/株水平上存在相当大的个体间变异。细菌群落从儿童早期发展，直到达到成人样的组成。虽然定植和宿主因素影响物种组成，但饮食因素也有重要影响，特定的细菌群体随着特定饮食干预而变化。由于细菌物种具有不同的代谢活性，因此特定的饮食对健康有不同的影响，这取决于对细菌种群的影响。
