Simola P, Laitalainen E, Liukkonen K, Virkkula P, Kirjavainen T, Pitkäranta A, Aronen E T
Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Child Care Health Dev. 2012 Jul;38(4):572-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01288.x. Epub 2011 Jul 25.
To study the prevalence of various sleep problems at school age in a Finnish community sample and to evaluate the persistence of the sleep problems from the preschool age to school age in a 4-year follow-up.
Parents completed the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children questionnaire on their child's sleep during the preschool years (3-6 years) and again during the school years (7-11 years). At follow-up the parents also completed a questionnaire on family structure and socio-economic status.
The parents of 481 children completed the questionnaires during both the first study and the follow-up (girls 49%, boys 51%; mean age 9, range 7-11). At the population level, sleep problems slightly declined from preschool to school age (P < 0.05). However, sleep problems at preschool age showed a strong persistence to school age. At the follow-up, 35% of the children who were considered to have a sleep disorder at preschool age still suffered from it at school age. At the community level, this equates to 9% of the children. The children with no sleep problems at preschool age rarely developed sleep problems at school age.
This study showed that various types of sleep problems are common at school age. Sleep problems persisted from preschool to school age at the individual level. It is important to recognize all types of sleep problems, especially persistent ones. Persistent sleep problems in children may cause and exacerbate other somatic, cognitive and psychiatric problems. Therefore, more attention should be focused on sleep problems in paediatric health care with interventions aimed particularly at children with prolonged sleep problems.
在芬兰社区样本中研究学龄期各种睡眠问题的患病率，并通过4年随访评估从学龄前到学龄期睡眠问题的持续性。
家长们在孩子学龄前（3 - 6岁）和学龄期（7 - 11岁）分别填写儿童睡眠障碍量表问卷。随访时，家长们还填写了一份关于家庭结构和社会经济地位的问卷。
481名儿童的家长在首次研究和随访期间均完成了问卷（女孩占49%，男孩占51%；平均年龄9岁，范围7 - 11岁）。在总体水平上，睡眠问题从学龄前到学龄期略有下降（P < 0.05）。然而，学龄前的睡眠问题在学龄期有很强的持续性。随访时，学龄前被认为有睡眠障碍的儿童中，35%在学龄期仍受其困扰。在社区层面，这相当于9%的儿童。学龄前无睡眠问题的儿童在学龄期很少出现睡眠问题。
本研究表明，各种类型的睡眠问题在学龄期很常见。在个体层面，睡眠问题从学龄前持续到学龄期。认识到所有类型的睡眠问题，尤其是持续性问题很重要。儿童持续性睡眠问题可能导致并加剧其他躯体、认知和精神问题。因此，在儿科医疗保健中应更加关注睡眠问题，特别是针对有长期睡眠问题的儿童进行干预。
