Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, SC 29808, USA.
Health Phys. 2011 Sep;101(3):311-20. doi: 10.1097/HP.0b013e3182103242.
When assessing the feasibility of remediation following the detonation of a radiological dispersion device or improvised nuclear device in a large city, several issues should be considered, including the levels and characteristics of the radioactive contamination, the availability of resources required for decontamination and the planned future use of the city's structures and buildings. Currently, little is known about radionuclide penetration into construction materials in an urban environment. Knowledge in this area would be useful when considering costs of a thorough decontamination of buildings, artificial structures and roads in an affected urban environment. Pripyat, a city substantially contaminated by the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident in April 1986, may provide some answers. The main objective of this study was to assess the depth of (90)Sr and (137)Cs penetration into reinforced concrete structures in a highly contaminated urban environment under natural weather conditions. Thirteen reinforced concrete core samples were obtained from external surfaces of a contaminated building in Pripyat. The concrete cores were drilled to obtain sample layers of 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 mm. Both (90)Sr and (137)Cs were detected in the entire 0-50 mm profile of the reinforced cores sampled. In most of the cores, over 90% of the total (137)Cs inventory and 70% of the total (90)Sr inventory was found in the first 0-5 mm layer of the reinforced concrete. Strontium-90 ((90)Sr) had penetrated markedly deeper into the reinforced concrete structures than (137)Cs.
在评估在大城市中爆炸放射性分散装置或简易核装置后的补救可行性时，应考虑几个问题，包括放射性污染的水平和特征、去污所需资源的可用性以及城市结构和建筑物的计划未来用途。目前，人们对放射性核素在城市环境中进入建筑材料的情况知之甚少。在考虑受影响城市环境中建筑物、人工结构和道路的彻底去污成本时，这方面的知识将很有用。普里皮亚季（Pripyat）是一座因 1986 年 4 月切尔诺贝利核电站事故而受到严重污染的城市，它可能提供一些答案。本研究的主要目的是评估在自然天气条件下，高度污染的城市环境中，（90）Sr 和（137）Cs 穿透钢筋混凝土结构的深度。从普里皮亚季一座受污染建筑物的外表面获得了 13 个钢筋混凝土芯样。为了获得样本层，从混凝土芯中钻出了 0-5、5-10、10-15、15-20、20-30、30-40 和 40-50 毫米的样本。在钢筋芯样的整个 0-50 毫米剖面中都检测到了（90）Sr 和（137）Cs。在大多数芯样中，在钢筋混凝土的前 0-5 毫米层中发现了超过 90%的总（137）Cs 库存和 70%的总（90）Sr 库存。与（137）Cs 相比，锶-90（（90）Sr）明显更深地穿透了钢筋混凝土结构。
