School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2011 Feb 1;1(1):7-12. doi: 10.1007/s13346-010-0005-z.
The skin is known to be a highly immunogenic site for vaccination, but few vaccines in clinical use target skin largely because conventional intradermal injection is difficult and unreliable to perform. Now, a number of new or newly adapted delivery technologies have been shown to administer vaccine to the skin either by non-invasive or minimally invasive methods. Non-invasive methods include high-velocity powder and liquid jet injection, as well as diffusion-based patches in combination with skin abrasion, thermal ablation, ultrasound, electroporation, and chemical enhancers. Minimally invasive methods are generally based on small needles, including solid microneedle patches, hollow microneedle injections, and tattoo guns. The introduction of these advanced delivery technologies can make the skin a site for simple, reliable vaccination that increases vaccine immunogenicity and offers logistical advantages to improve the speed and coverage of vaccination.
皮肤被认为是高度免疫原性的疫苗接种部位，但目前在临床中使用的疫苗很少针对皮肤，主要是因为常规皮内注射很难且不可靠。现在，已经有一些新的或新适应的输送技术被证明可以通过非侵入性或微创性方法将疫苗输送到皮肤。非侵入性方法包括高速粉末和液体射流注射，以及结合皮肤磨损、热消融、超声波、电穿孔和化学增强剂的扩散贴片。微创方法通常基于小针，包括固体微针贴片、空心微针注射和纹身枪。这些先进的输送技术的引入可以使皮肤成为一种简单、可靠的疫苗接种部位，提高疫苗的免疫原性，并提供后勤优势，以提高疫苗接种的速度和覆盖面。
