Sabo Brenda
Online J Issues Nurs. 2011 Jan 31;16(1):1. doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol16No01Man01.
A review of the literature on the health of nurses leaves little doubt that their work may take a toll on their psychosocial and physical health and well being.Nurses working in several specialty practice areas, such as intensive care, mental health, paediatrics, and oncology have been found to be particularly vulnerable to work-related stress. Several types of occupational stress have been identified, including burnout, compassion fatigue, and vicarious traumatization. While the emphasis of this article is on compassion fatigue and its theoretical conceptualization, the concepts of burnout and vicarious traumatization are also discussed. Two questions are posed for discussion: 1) Does compassion fatigue exist on a continuum of occupational stress? If so, is burnout a pre-condition for compassion fatigue; 2) What are the relationships between the types of occupational stress? To what extent does non-resolution of compassion fatigue increase the risk for developing vicarious traumatization? Case examples are provided to support this discussion.
对护士健康状况的文献综述无疑表明，她们的工作可能会对其心理社会和身体健康及幸福产生不良影响。研究发现，在重症监护、心理健康、儿科和肿瘤学等多个专科领域工作的护士特别容易受到与工作相关的压力影响。已确定了几种职业压力类型，包括职业倦怠、同情疲劳和替代性创伤。虽然本文重点关注同情疲劳及其理论概念，但也会讨论职业倦怠和替代性创伤的概念。提出两个问题供讨论：1）同情疲劳是否存在于职业压力的连续体中？如果是，职业倦怠是否是同情疲劳的先决条件；2）职业压力类型之间的关系是什么？同情疲劳得不到解决在多大程度上会增加发生替代性创伤的风险？提供了案例来支持这一讨论。
